Neurotransmitters and Synaptic Transmission

Question 1

Describe 5 things that occur in the neuron communication junction

Answer 1

1. ) NT Synthesis
2. ) Storage and transport of NT to synaptic vesicles
3. ) NT release
4. ) Postsynaptic receptors activation
5. ) Transmitter effect termination

Question 2

2 kinds of synapses

Answer 2

1. ) electrical synapses

2. ) chemical synapses

Question 3

2 neurons are connected by a gap junction which allows electrical current to flow directly from one cell to the other through open fluid channels

Answer 3

electrical synapses

Question 4

release neurotransmitters from presynaptic membrane and bind to receptors on postsynaptic membrane

Answer 4

chemical synapses

Question 5

Transmitters are released through what process?

Answer 5

exocytosis

Question 6

What triggers fusion and exocytosis of transmitters?

Answer 6

calcium

Question 7

help dock vesicles and force the membrane to fuse

Answer 7

SNARE proteins

Question 8

Examples of EXCITATORY amino acid neurotransmitters (1)

Answer 8

1.) glutamate excitatory

Question 9

Examples of INHIBITORY amino acid neurotransmitters (2)

Answer 9

1. ) gamma aminobutyric acid (GABA)

2. ) Glycine

Question 10

inhibitor of pain, controls mood and sleep

Answer 10

serotonin

Question 11

Example of protein NT’s released from the hypothalamus (3)

Answer 11

1. ) thyrotropin-releasing hormone

2. ) luteinizing hormone releasing hormone 3.) somatostatin

Question 12

Examples of protein NT’s released by pituitary (7)

Answer 12

1. ) adrenocorticotropic hormone
2. ) prolactin
3. ) lutenizing hormone
4. ) thyrotropin
5. ) growth hormone
6. ) vasopressin
7. ) oxytocin

Question 13

Examples of endorphins (2)

Answer 13

1. ) enkephalins

2. ) opioids

Question 14

Where are small molecule NT’s made?

Answer 14

in the terminal

Question 15

Where are peptide NT’s made?

Answer 15

in the cell body

Question 16

Example of gases NT (2)

Answer 16

1. ) nitric oxide

2. ) carbon monoxide

Question 17

3 types of NT receptors?

Answer 17

1. ) transmitter-gated ion channel
2. ) G-protein coupled receptor
3. ) Enzyme linked receptors

Question 18

transmitter gated ion channels are also called ___

Answer 18

ionotropic receptors

Question 19

G protein coupled receptors are also called . ___

Answer 19

metabotropic receptors

Question 20

GABA receptor is a type of ___.

Answer 20

ionotropic receptor

Question 21

which NT has both ionotropic and metabotropic receptors?

Answer 21

Acetylcholine

Question 22

3 steps in termination of transmitter action ?

Answer 22

1. ) reuptake
2. ) breakdown
3. ) diffusion

Question 23

2 examples of voltage gated Na channel blocker

Answer 23

1. ) lidocaine

2. ) tetrodotoxin

Question 24

True/False: hypercalcemia can cause decreased excitability

Answer 24

true

Question 25

rises in pH increase excitability

Answer 25

alkalosis

Question 26

decrease in flexor reflex after multiple stimulation in part due to neuronal fatigue

Answer 26

epileptic seizure

Question 27

protective mechanism against excessive excitability

Answer 27

fatigue

Question 28

function of myelin sheaths

Answer 28

provide insulation

Question 29

More Na+ into the cell and less K+ out of the cell causes ___

Answer 29

EPSP= excitatory depolarization

Question 30

More K+ out or Cl- into the cell causes ___

Answer 30

IPSP= inhibitory hyperpolarization

Question 31

True/False: EPSP always have a negative potential.

Answer 31

FALSE; positive potentials