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Physiology > Homeostasis > Flashcards

Homeostasis Flashcards

1
Q

this terms describes the movement of fluid, gas or ions from high to low concentration gradient

A

diffusion

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2
Q

movement of ions through channels into cells; pumping of ions/molecules against a concentration gradient

A

transport

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3
Q

what are things that move into the cell?

A

carbohydrates, proteins, amino acids, lipids, salts, O2, H2O

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4
Q

Name some things that are transported out of the cell.

A

waste products, ammonia, salts, CO2, H20

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5
Q

what are the types of passive transport?

A

diffusion, facilitated diffusion, osmosis

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6
Q

what are the types of active transport?

A

pumps, cotransport

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7
Q

does not require energy or a carrier protein. may require a channel protein

A

diffusion

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8
Q

what are some factors that alter diffusion rate?

A

membrane permeability, concentration difference, electrical potential, pressure

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9
Q

what is the extracellular concentration of Na+ ?

A

142 mEq/L

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10
Q

what is the intracellular concentration of Na+ ?

A

10 mEq/L

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11
Q

what is the extracellular concentration of K+?

A

4 mEq/L

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12
Q

what is the intracellular concentration of K+?

A

140 mEq/L

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13
Q

what is the extracellular concentration of Cl-?

A

103 mEq/L

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14
Q

what is the intracellular concentration of Cl-?

A

4 mEq/L

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15
Q

what determines simple ion diffusion?

A

concentration difference, electrical difference, and channels being open (permeability)

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16
Q

what are the two types of simple diffusion gated channels?

A

voltage gating, and chemical gating

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17
Q

What is/are an example(s) of a voltage gated channel?

A

Na+ channel , K+ channel

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18
Q

how many gates does a voltage gated sodium channel have?

A

2

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19
Q

how many gates does a voltage gated potassium channel have?

A

1

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20
Q

what is an example of a chemical gating channel?

A

acetylcholine nicotinic receptor and serotonin type 3 receptor

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21
Q

permeability to CATIONS produces what kind of membrane potential?

A

depolarization (cell activation)

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22
Q

permeability to ANIONS produces what kind of membrane potential?

A

hyperpolarization (cell inhibition)

23
Q

cardiac acetylcholine muscarinic receptor and beta adrenergic receptor are examples of what?

A

chemical gating: g protein linked ion channels

24
Q

carrier mediated diffusion is also known as ___.

A

facilitated diffusion

25
Q

what is an example of a carrier mediated diffusion transporter?

A

GLUT4-glucose transporter

26
Q

Vmax for facilitated diffusion is determined by ____ and _____

A

concentration of carrier molecules and the rate of movement of carrier molecules across channel

27
Q

movement of molecules AGAINST a concentration gradient

A

active transport

28
Q

true/false: active transport requires energy and carrier protein

A

TRUE

29
Q

this type of transport requires the breakdown of ATP.

A

primary active transport

30
Q

Na+/K+ ATPase, Ca2+ ATPase, and H+ pumps are an example of

A

primary active transport

31
Q

uses energy of one solute moving with the concentration gradient ( created previously with primary active transport) to move another substance against the concentration gradient

A

secondary active transport

32
Q

both ions are moved in the same direction

A

symport/ cotransporters

33
Q

moves ions in separate directions

A

exchangers/ antiport/ counter transport

34
Q

what are some examples of Na+ cotransport?

A

Na/amino acid cotransporter, Na/phosphate cotransporter, Na+/glucose

35
Q

uses the gradient of one molecule to move another against the concentration gradient but in opposite direction

A

exchangers/ counter-transport

36
Q

what are examples of exchangers?

A

Na/Ca2+ exchanger, Na-H exchanger

37
Q

what is the ratio for the Na/Ca2+ exchanger?

A

3:1

38
Q

what is the ratio for the Na/H+ exchanger?

A

1:1

39
Q

water movement across the cell is what type of transport?

A

facilitated diffusion, requires aquaporin 1

40
Q

solvent moving from area of high solvent concentration to low solvent concentration across the semipermeable membrane

A

osmosis

41
Q

pressure required to maintain an equilibrium with no net movement of solvent

A

osmotic pressure

42
Q

true/false: ions can move but water cannot across the semipermeable membrane

A

FALSE; water can move, ions cannot

43
Q

how is movement across the semipermeable membrane determined?

A

by molar solute concentration

44
Q

moles of solute per liter of solution

A

molarity

45
Q

osmoles of solute (can dissociate within solution) per liter of solution

A

osmolarity

46
Q

2 moles of NaCl yields how many osmoles of solute particles in water?

A

4 osmoles of solute

47
Q

true/false: osmotic pressure is determined by the number of particles.

A

TRUE

48
Q

1 M of CaCl2 equals how many osmoles?

A

3 osm

49
Q

describe what will happen to the cell if it is placed in a HYPERTONIC solution.

A

water will rush out of the cell

50
Q

true/false: in a hypotonic solution, the solution is hypoosmotic (has a lesser solute concentration) compared to the inside of the cell causing water to rush into the cell.

A

TRUE

51
Q

has the same solute concentration compared to the inside of a cell

A

isotonic solution

52
Q

these blood volume expanders are aqueous mineral solutions and semi-permeable

A

crystalloids

53
Q

these volume expanders are large molecular weight, mostly impermeable, and increase osmotic pressure

A

colloids (ex. albumin)

Physiology (5 decks)

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