Perioperative Care Flashcards
Preoperative phase
Begins with the decision to have surgery,
Ends when the client is transferred to the operating table
Post operative phase
Begins when the patient is admitted to the PACU
Ends when healing is complete
Intaoperative Phase
Begins when the client is being transferred to the operating table
ends when the client is admitted to the PACU
What is the purpose of diagnostic surgery????
Confirms or establishes a diagnosis.
example: a biopsy of a mass in a breast
What is the purpose of Palliative surgery?
In order to Relieve or reduce pain or symptoms for the patient of a disease. It does not cure.
For example, resection of nerve roots.
What is the purpose of Ablative Surgery?
To Remove a diseased body part. (For example, removal of a gallbladder)
What is the purpose of constructive surgery?
Restores function or appearance that has been lost or reduced, for example, a breast implant.
What is the purpose of a Transplant surgery?
To Replace malfunctioning structures. (For example, a kidney transplant.)
What are the Nursing activities that are associated with the Preoperative phase?
- Assessing the client
- Identifying potential or actual health problems
- Planning specific care based on the individual’s needs
- Providing operative teaching for the client, the client’s family, and significant others.
What does the Nurse do during the Postopertive phase?
- Assessing the Client’s response to the surgery, both psychological and physiological
- Preforms interventions to facilitate healing and prevent complications
- Teaching and providing support to the client and support people
- Plans for Home Care
What are the Nursing activities for the Intraoperative phase?
- Provide for the client’s safety
- Maintain an Aseptic environment
- Ensuring proper functioning of equipment
- Providing the Surgical team with the instruments and supplies needed during the procedure
Elective Surgery
Surgery that is preformed when surgery is the preferred treatment for a condition that is not immediately life threatening
Emergency Surgery
Surgery that is preformed immediately to preserve function or the life of the client.
How would you prevent Pneumonia postoperatively?
- Deep Breathing Exercises
- Coughing Exercises
- Moving in bed
- Early Ambulation
How would you prevent Hypovolemic Shock Postoperatively?
Maintain Blood Volume through adequate fluid replacement, Prevent Hemorrhage
Early Detection of signs
How would you prevent Atelectasis?
- Deep Breathing Exercises
- Coughing Exercises
- Moving in bed
- Early Ambulation
How would you prevent a Pulmonary Embolism in your post operative client?
- Turning
- Ambulation
- Antiemboli Stockings
- Sequential compression devices (SCDs)
How would you prevent a Hemorrhage in your post operative client?
Early detection of signs
How would you prevent Hypovolemia?
- Early detection of signs
- Fluid/Blood replacement
How would you prevent Thrombophlebitis in your post operative client?
- Leg exercises
- SCDs
- Early ambulation
- Adequate Fluid Intake
How would you prevent Thrombus?
For a Venous Thrombus, you would implement Early Ambulation, Leg exercises, Antiemboli stockings,SCDs, adequate fluid intake.
For Arterial Thrombus: Maintain the prescribed position, detect signs early
How would you prevent an Embolus?
~Turning ~Ambulation ~ Leg Exercises ~ Careful maintainence of IV catheters ~SCDs
How would you prevent Urinary Retention postoperatively?
Monitor Fluid Intake and output
Implement Interventions to facilitate voiding
Administer a urinary catheter as needed
How would you prevent a Urinary Tract Infection?
Provide Adequate fluid intake
Ambulate the patient early
Use Aseptic straight catheterization only as necessary
Provide and ensure that the patient has good perineal hygiene
How would you prevent Nausea and Vomiting in a Postoperative Patient??
Provide IV fluids until peristalsis returns, Then give clear fluids, full fluids, then a regular diet
Give antiemetic drugs if ordered
Give analgestics for pain
How would you prevent Constipation?
Adequate fluid intake, high fiber diet, early ambulation
How would you prevent Tympanies in your post operative patient?
Early Ambultion
Avoid using a straw
Provide Ice chips or water @ room temperature
How would you prevent your patient from developing Postoperative Ileus?
Early Ambultion
Avoid using a straw
Provide Ice chips or water @ room temperature
How would you prevent your patient from developing a Wound infection?
Keep wounds clean and dry
Use surgical aseptic technique when changing dressings
Ways to prevent wound dehiscence
Adequate nutrition
Appropriaten incisional support
Avoidance of strain
How to prevent wound evisceration?
Adequate nutrition
Appropriaten incisional support
Avoidance of strain
How could you prevent Postoperative depression in your patient?
Adequate Rest
Physical Activity
Opportunity to Express Anger and other negative feelings
