Perioperative Care

Question 1

Preoperative phase

Answer 1

Begins with the decision to have surgery,

Ends when the client is transferred to the operating table

Question 2

Post operative phase

Answer 2

Begins when the patient is admitted to the PACU

Ends when healing is complete

Question 3

Intaoperative Phase

Answer 3

Begins when the client is being transferred to the operating table
ends when the client is admitted to the PACU

Question 4

What is the purpose of diagnostic surgery????

Answer 4

Confirms or establishes a diagnosis.

example: a biopsy of a mass in a breast

Question 5

What is the purpose of Palliative surgery?

Answer 5

In order to Relieve or reduce pain or symptoms for the patient of a disease. It does not cure.
For example, resection of nerve roots.

Question 6

What is the purpose of Ablative Surgery?

Answer 6

To Remove a diseased body part. (For example, removal of a gallbladder)

Question 7

What is the purpose of constructive surgery?

Answer 7

Restores function or appearance that has been lost or reduced, for example, a breast implant.

Question 8

What is the purpose of a Transplant surgery?

Answer 8

To Replace malfunctioning structures. (For example, a kidney transplant.)

Question 9

What are the Nursing activities that are associated with the Preoperative phase?

Answer 9

• Assessing the client
• Identifying potential or actual health problems
• Planning specific care based on the individual’s needs
• Providing operative teaching for the client, the client’s family, and significant others.

Question 10

What does the Nurse do during the Postopertive phase?

Answer 10

• Assessing the Client’s response to the surgery, both psychological and physiological
• Preforms interventions to facilitate healing and prevent complications
• Teaching and providing support to the client and support people
• Plans for Home Care

Question 11

What are the Nursing activities for the Intraoperative phase?

Answer 11

• Provide for the client’s safety
• Maintain an Aseptic environment
• Ensuring proper functioning of equipment
• Providing the Surgical team with the instruments and supplies needed during the procedure

Question 12

Elective Surgery

Answer 12

Surgery that is preformed when surgery is the preferred treatment for a condition that is not immediately life threatening

Question 13

Emergency Surgery

Answer 13

Surgery that is preformed immediately to preserve function or the life of the client.

Question 14

How would you prevent Pneumonia postoperatively?

Answer 14

• Deep Breathing Exercises
• Coughing Exercises
• Moving in bed
• Early Ambulation

Question 15

How would you prevent Hypovolemic Shock Postoperatively?

Answer 15

Maintain Blood Volume through adequate fluid replacement, Prevent Hemorrhage
Early Detection of signs

Question 16

How would you prevent Atelectasis?

Answer 16

• Deep Breathing Exercises
• Coughing Exercises
• Moving in bed
• Early Ambulation

Question 17

How would you prevent a Pulmonary Embolism in your post operative client?

Answer 17

• Turning
• Ambulation
• Antiemboli Stockings
• Sequential compression devices (SCDs)

Question 18

How would you prevent a Hemorrhage in your post operative client?

Answer 18

Early detection of signs

Question 19

How would you prevent Hypovolemia?

Answer 19

• Early detection of signs

- Fluid/Blood replacement

Question 20

How would you prevent Thrombophlebitis in your post operative client?

Answer 20

• Leg exercises
• SCDs
• Early ambulation
• Adequate Fluid Intake

Question 21

How would you prevent Thrombus?

Answer 21

For a Venous Thrombus, you would implement Early Ambulation, Leg exercises, Antiemboli stockings,SCDs, adequate fluid intake.

For Arterial Thrombus: Maintain the prescribed position, detect signs early

Question 22

How would you prevent an Embolus?

Answer 22

~Turning
~Ambulation
~ Leg Exercises
~ Careful maintainence of IV catheters
~SCDs

Question 23

How would you prevent Urinary Retention postoperatively?

Answer 23

Monitor Fluid Intake and output
Implement Interventions to facilitate voiding
Administer a urinary catheter as needed

Question 24

How would you prevent a Urinary Tract Infection?

Answer 24

Provide Adequate fluid intake
Ambulate the patient early
Use Aseptic straight catheterization only as necessary
Provide and ensure that the patient has good perineal hygiene

Question 25

How would you prevent Nausea and Vomiting in a Postoperative Patient??

Answer 25

Provide IV fluids until peristalsis returns, Then give clear fluids, full fluids, then a regular diet
Give antiemetic drugs if ordered
Give analgestics for pain

Question 26

How would you prevent Constipation?

Answer 26

Adequate fluid intake, high fiber diet, early ambulation

Question 27

How would you prevent Tympanies in your post operative patient?

Answer 27

Early Ambultion
Avoid using a straw
Provide Ice chips or water @ room temperature

Question 28

How would you prevent your patient from developing Postoperative Ileus?

Answer 28

Early Ambultion
Avoid using a straw
Provide Ice chips or water @ room temperature

Question 29

How would you prevent your patient from developing a Wound infection?

Answer 29

Keep wounds clean and dry

Use surgical aseptic technique when changing dressings

Question 30

Ways to prevent wound dehiscence

Answer 30

Adequate nutrition
Appropriaten incisional support
Avoidance of strain

Question 31

How to prevent wound evisceration?

Answer 31

Adequate nutrition
Appropriaten incisional support
Avoidance of strain

Question 32

How could you prevent Postoperative depression in your patient?

Answer 32

Adequate Rest
Physical Activity
Opportunity to Express Anger and other negative feelings