Periodontology Flashcards
What are the types of systemic antimicrobials?
- Amoxicillin 500mg + metronidozole 400mg - Metronidozole alone - Erythromycin - Doxycyclin - Tetracycline
Give the applications of the mini-sickle (red)
Red A point scaler with two cutting edges on each blade. Used on buccal and lingual embrasure surfaces supra gingivally
Give the applications of the columbia curette (red)
Red A universal curette with two cutting edges on each blade. Used for sub gingival scaling anywhere in the mouth Limited access to deep pokets
Give the applications of the Gracey curette 1-2 (grey)
Grey single cutting edge used for fine/deep sub gingival scaling upper and lower anteriors
Give the applications of the Gracey curette 7-8 (green)
Green Single cutting edge Buccal and lingual surfaces of posterior teeth
Give the applications of the Gracey curette 11-12 (orange)
Orange mesial surfaces of posterior teeth
Give the applications of the Gracey curette 13-14 (blue)
Blue distal surfaces of posterior teeth
Give the applications of the hoe scaler 134-135 (yellow)
Yellow Gross supra and sub gingival scaling of buccal and lingual surfaces
Give the applications of the hoe scaler 156-157 (red)
Red supra and subgingival scaling mesial and distal surfaces
What is necrotising ulcerative gingivitis?
A common, non contagious infection of the gums. Acute necrotising ulcerative gingivitis is the usual course the disease takes. If improperly treated NUG may become chronic and/or recurrent
What is necrotising ulcerative periodontitis
This is where the infection leads to attachment loss. NUG and NUP are classified together under ‘necrotising periodontal disease’
What is necrotising stomatitis?
Progression of NUP into tissue beyond the mucogingival junction. Mostly seen in malnutrition and HIV infection. May result in denudation of the bone leading to osteitis and oro-antral fistulas
List some of the signs/symptoms that a diagnosis of necrotising periodontal disease is based on
- Ulcerated and necrotic papillae and gingival margin resulting in a characteristic punched out appearance. - The ulcers are covered by a yellowish/white/grey slime made of fibrin, necrotic tissue, leucocytes, erythrocytes and mass of bacteria - Lesions develop quickly -Lesions are very painful - Bleeding readily provoked -The first lesions are most often seen interproximally in the manibular anterior region -Foul smell -Ulceration often associated with deep pockets as gingival necrosis coincides with loss of crestal alveolar bone -Sequestrum formation; necrosis of small or large parts of the alveolar bone. Not only interproximal but also adjacent oral and facial bone - Swelling of lymph nodes
What are some risk factors associated with necrotising perio disease (NP)
-malnourished - psychological stress - Sleep deprivation -Poor OH -Smoking -Immunosuppresion
Give the four stages of treatment for NP
1). Ultrasonic debridment 2). Pain may prevent patient from brushing, instead 0.2% chlorhexidine mw 2 x daily 3). Patients with malaise, fever and lassitude, lack of response to mechanical therapy and impared immunity; 200mg/400mg metronidazole TID for 3 days 4) Smoking cessation, vitamin supplements, dietary advice
What are the stages of biofilm formation?
Planktonic cells -> Attachment to surface -> Attached cell monolayer -> cell-cell adhesion and proliferation -> maturation -> detachment
When should local antimicrobials such as periochip and chlorhexidine gel be used?
1) Only in persisting pockets >5mm (at review/maintenance visit) 2) Always along with RSD 3) Not many, if a lot of persisting pockts in the quadrant OFD is more beneficial or systemic ABs within 24 hours from starting ABs 4) In case of perio abscesses after evacuation of pus and RSD
Name two antimicrobial antibiotics
* Arestin - 1mg minocycline HCl microspheres
* Atridox - doxycycline hyclate 10%
*Elyzol - 25% metronidazole
What are the four types of occlusal forces?
*Tension
*Compression
*Viscous forces
*Horizontal forces (constant = orthodontics, intermittent = occlusal ‘jiggling’)