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OB > Periodontium L1-3 > Flashcards

Periodontium L1-3 Flashcards

1
Q

Mucosa distributions (x3)

A
  • masticatory mucosa
  • lining mucosa
  • specialised mucosa
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2
Q

Name two locations where masticatory mucosa can be found

A

Hard palate

Attached gingiva

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3
Q

Name 3 locations where the lining mucosa can be found

A

Soft palate
Lips
Cheeks

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4
Q

Name a location where the specialised mucosa can be found

A

Tongue

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5
Q

Name the 4 layers of non-keratinised lining mucosa

A

Epithelium
Lamina propria
Sub mucosa
Bone/muscle

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6
Q

Name the 4 layers of epithelium found in non-keratinised lining mucosa

A

Superficial layer
Intermediate layer
Prickle cell layer
Basal cell layer

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7
Q

Contrast the number of rete pegs found in non keratinised lining mucosa vs keratinised mucosa

A

Few rete pegs in non keratinised lining mucosa, many in keratinised mucosa

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8
Q

What does the prickle cell layer secrete

A

MCGs (membrane coating granules)

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9
Q

Properties of the basal cell layer (x2)

A

Least differentiated

Mitosis is often visible here

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10
Q

Presence/absence of which layer gives non-keratinised lining mucosa/keratinised mucosa the flexibility property?

A

Sub mucosa
Presence in non-keratinised lining mucosa
Absence in keratinised lining mucosa

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11
Q

Name 4 layers of the keratinised mucosa

A

Epithelium
Lamina propria
Periosteum
Bone

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12
Q

What are the two layers of the lamina propria in the keratinised mucosa

A

Papillary layer

Reticular layer

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13
Q

Name three properties of the keratinised mucosa

A
  • resistant to compression
  • mechanically tough
  • relatively immobile
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14
Q

Name the 4 layers of the epithelium

A

Keratinised layer
Granular layer
Prickle cell layer
Basal cell layer

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15
Q

How are filaments in the prickle cell layer of the keratinised mucosa arranged?

A

Organised into bundles - tonofibrils

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16
Q

What is para-keratinisation?

A

Incomplete removal of organelles from the superficial layer:

Nuclei is shrunken - pyknotic

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17
Q

Turnover time for:

  • junctional epithelium
  • cheek tissues
A

JE:5 days

Cheek tissues:10-14 days

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18
Q

Name 2 epithelial abnormalities that could occur

A
  • acanthosis - hyperplasia of the prickle cell layer

- acantholysis - disruption of intercellular connections

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19
Q

What are “clear cells”?

A

Non-keratinocytes

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20
Q

What do non-keratinocytes lack? X2

A

Tonofilaments

Desmosomes

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21
Q

Give 4 examples of non-keratinocytes

A
  • Merkel cells
  • lymphocytes
  • langerhan cells
  • melanocytes
22
Q

Which 2 clear cells can be found in the basal layer of epithelium?

A
  • melanocytes

- Merkel cells

23
Q

Which two clear cells can be found in the supra basal layer of epithelial?

A

Langerhan cells

Lymphocytes

24
Q

Name the 2 layers of the basal lamina

A
  • lamina lucida

- lamina densa

25
Q

Sensory innervation in connective tissue x3

A
  • free nerve endings
  • Krause end bulbs
  • ruffini endings
26
Q

Sensory innervation in epithelium x2

A
  • free nerve endings

- Merkel cell-neurite complexes

27
Q

What is the lamina propria made up of?

A
  • collagen (type I 90%, type III 10%)
  • fibroblasts
  • Defence cells
28
Q

What is the lamina lucida made up of?

A

Glycoprotein - laminin

29
Q

What is the lamina densa made up of? X2

A

Type IV collagen

Laminin

30
Q

4 functions of the oral mucosa epithelium

A
  • protection of underlying tissues
  • lipid based permeability barriers
  • protect from fluid loss
  • protect from ingress of potentially harmful environmental agents
31
Q

Define cell proliferation

A

An increase in the number of cells, as a result of cell growth and cell division

32
Q

Name the 4 checkpoints in the cell cycle

A

G1
S
G2
M

33
Q

Name the 4 classes of cyclins

A
  • G1/S
  • S
  • M
  • G1
34
Q

Function of the G1/S cyclins + which is the Cyclin involved and who is its Cdk partner

A

Fxn: cyclins bind at the end of G1 and commit the cell to DNA replication
Cyclin E
Cdk partner 2

35
Q

Function of the S cyclins + which is the Cyclin involved and who is its Cdk partner

A

S-cyclins bind CDKs during S phase and initiates DNA replication
Cyclin A
Cdk 2

36
Q

Function of the M cyclins + which is the Cyclin involved and who is its Cdk partner

A

Fxn: promotes events of mitosis
Cyclin B
Cdk 1

37
Q

Function of the G1 cyclins + which is the Cyclin involved and who is its Cdk partner

A

Fxn: promotes passage through restriction point
Cyclin D
Cdk 4,6

38
Q

Function of cyclins

A

Cyclins activate and direct the Cdks - phosphorylating different proteins

39
Q

What is a transcription factor

A

A protein that regulates the activity of RNA polymerase

40
Q

What are growth factors

A

Polypeptides that control animal cell growth and differentiation, usually produced near where they act

41
Q

Result of switching on of Cyclin D1

A

G1/S is not stopped and cells never stop dividing, resulting in over expression of actual protein and loss of control resulting in cell being allowed to proceed from G1 to S

42
Q

Defn of cytoskeleton

A

A system of protein filaments in the cytoplasm of a eukaryotic cell that gives the cell shape and the capacity for directed movement

43
Q

3 most abundant components of the cytoskeleton

A

Actin filaments
Micro tubules
Intermediate filaments

44
Q

5 functions of the cytoskeleton

A
  1. Allows cells to organise themselves in space and interact mechanically with their environment
  2. Allow cells to be correctly shaped, physically robust and properly structured internally
  3. Allow cells to be able to change shape and move from place to place
  4. Allow cells to be able to rearrange internal components as they grow, divide, adapt to changes
  5. Allows for high degree of spatial and mechanical functions
45
Q

Which keratins are found in the basal layer of non-keratinising lining epithelial?

A

K5 and K14

46
Q

Which keratins are found in the superficial layer of non-keratinising lining epithelial?

A

K4 and k13

47
Q

Which keratins are found in the basal layer of keratinising masticatory epithelial?

A

K5 and k14

48
Q

What keratins are found in the cornified layer of the keratinising masticatory epithelial?

A

K1 and k10

49
Q

What are the 4 types of intermediate filaments?

A
  • nuclear
  • epithelial
  • vimentin-like
  • axonal
50
Q

What are found in epithelial intermediate filaments?

A

Type I and Type II keratins

51
Q

Functions of the oral mucosa x3

A
  • protection (mechanical, bacterial, chemical, acts as a barrier to prevent dehydration)
  • sensation (richly innervated)
  • secretion of saliva

OB (7 decks)

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