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OB > Ageing > Flashcards

Ageing Flashcards

1
Q

What are the criteria for true age change? (X4)

A
  • must be universal in a species
  • must be progressive
  • must be irreversible
  • must be deleterious (must have a negative effect)
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2
Q

Name 4 possible theories of causes of ageing

A
  • organs Ageing
  • accumulation of waste products
  • biochemical damage
  • DNA based
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3
Q

Name 3 diseases that are associated with age but are not true age changes

A
  • stroke
  • heart disease
  • cancer
  • atherosclerosis
  • osteoporosis
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4
Q

What changes occur in the oral mucosa with age?

A
  • thinning by up to 30% from 20-80 years old
  • less complex structure
  • sublingual varicosities
  • sebaceous glands found in buccal mucosa may appear as white patches
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5
Q

Is there any change in taste acuity as one gets older?

A

No - not related to age, might be a result of disease

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6
Q

How can you differentiate between old and young oral mucosa histologically?

A

Thicker mucosa and more well developed rete pegs and ridge in young

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7
Q

Structural changes of major salivary glands with age (x5)

A
  1. Increase in adipose tissue
  2. Decrease in fibrous tissue
  3. Increased vascularity
  4. Duct dilation
  5. Oncocytic change
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8
Q

Structural changes of minor salivary glands with age

A

Serous glands - fatty replacement of secretory tissues

Mucous glands - fibrous replacement of secretory tissues

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9
Q

What results to major and minor glands with age?

A

Loss of secretory components

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10
Q

What is the difference between major and minor glands with age?

A

Major glands do not show any loss of flow output as a result of age alone but there is a functional fall off for minor glands

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11
Q

Name 2 surface changes that is associated with enamel with age

A
  1. Attrition - on incisal or occlusal surface

2. Approximal wear - arch shortens

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12
Q

Which ion does fluoride replace in enamel?

A

Hydroxyl

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13
Q

What does the ionic exchange of ions in enamel result in?

A

More perfect structure and enamel is more resistant to acid demineralisation

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14
Q

Name 6 changes that happen to the (pulp)o-dentinal complex with age

A
  1. Sclerosis in the pulp
  2. Decreased vascular
  3. Decreased in nerves - decreased sensitivity
  4. Decrease in pulp volumes
  5. Decrease in cells (odontoblasts, fibroblasts)
  6. Calcification
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15
Q

What are true pulp stones?

A

Tubular structure from odontoblast like cells

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16
Q

What are false pulp stones?

A

Calcified fibrous tissue

17
Q

How does the cementum change with age?

A

It thickens by up to 3x (between 16-70 y/o)

18
Q

Name a benefit and disadvantage of the change associated with cementum ageing

A

-: obstruct/constricts the apical foramen

+: helps compensate for wear

19
Q

What vascular changes are associated with periodontium Aging? (X2)

A
  • thickening of vessel walls

- narrowing of lumen

20
Q

Name 4 things associated with periodontium ageing

A
  • vascular changes
  • loss of cellularity
  • increased fibrosis
  • PDL Fibre bundles are thicker
21
Q

Changes associated with bone when one ages (x6)

A
  • less dense
  • more brittle
  • bone mass falls (by 10% in males, 40% in females)
  • less vascular
  • some osteoporosis
  • slower wound healing
22
Q

Age changes that occur in nervous tissues (x4)

A
  • decrease in nerve cell numbers (36-60% in cerebral cortex, 5-50% in spinal cord)
  • decrease in peripheral nerve function (eg decrease in conduction velocity)
  • impaired synaptic function
  • decreased taste acuity
23
Q

Age changes that occur in muscles (x4)

A
  • 30% decrease in muscle mass
  • decrease in number of motor units
  • decrease in firing rates
  • decrease in muscle strength
24
Q

4 age related changes in masticatory muscles

A
  • increased fat content
  • decreased precision
  • decreased bite forces
  • 40% decrease in cross sectional area from 20-90y/o
25
Q

What limits the maximum number of times cells can divide?

A

Hayflick phenomena

OB (7 decks)

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