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602 EX 3 > Periodontium > Flashcards

Periodontium Flashcards

1
Q

_________ is the tissues that invest and support the tooth

A

Periodontium

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2
Q

Alveolar process, cementum, and PDL are all derived from the _________ which originates from _______

A

dental follicle/sac
Neural crest

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3
Q

what are the 3 parts of periodontium?

A
  1. Alveolar process
  2. Cementum
  3. Periodontal ligament
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4
Q

_________________ is the Part of the maxilla that is attachment for PDL fiber

A

Alveolar Process (Alveolar Bone)

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5
Q

what is alveolar bone made up of? Is periosteum present?

A

Primarily woven bone, lamellar bone is also present
NO

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6
Q

what are the inorganic/organic components of alveolar bone?

A

Inorganic: HAp
Organic: type I collagen

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7
Q

what are the different things that make up alveolar bone? (3)

A
  1. Alveolar bone proper
  2. Cortical plate
  3. Central spongiosa
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8
Q

what are three interchangeable names for alveolar bone proper? how do they differ?

A
  1. Cribriform plate: because of the presence of volkmann’s canal foramina
  2. Lamina dura: radiographic term, shown in radiograph as a line with increased radiopacity
  3. Bundle bone: histological term, sharpey’s fiber embedded in bone
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9
Q

The _____________ is a layer of compact bone that overlies the spongiosa of the alveolar process on the mandible and maxilla. what can this be broken down into?

A

cortical plate
Inner (lingual surface) and Outer (labial surface)

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10
Q

___________ is the junction of cortical plate and alveolar bone proper

A

Alveolar Crest

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11
Q

what covers the cortical plate?

A

periosteum

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12
Q

_____________ is the trabecular/spongy bone in-between inner and outer cortical plates

A

Central spongiosa

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13
Q

what does central spongiosa consist of?

A

trabecular bone and marrow

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14
Q

where is central spongiosa not seen in the mouth?

A

anterior region of both jaws

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15
Q

Marrow is _____ in young people, _________ in older people

A

red, yellow

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16
Q

________ bone supports alveolar bone proper and cortical plate

A

Trabecular (spongy/cancellous)

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17
Q

what are the 2 kinds of boney septa?

A
  1. Interradicular septum: bony septum between roots of a single tooth
  2. Interalveolar septum: bony septum between adjacent teeth
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18
Q

_________ is mineralized CT covering root dentin that provides the attachment for PDL fiber. What is its function?

A

Cementum
-function: Protects dentin from stimuli and prevents pain, Compensates for occlusal wear

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19
Q

how does cementum develop?

A

HERS (hertwig’s epithelial root sheath) grows downward at 45* angle → HERS induces DS cells to become cementoblasts → cementoblasts secrete cementum matrix → this becomes mineralized and becomes cementum

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20
Q

what are the organic/inorganic components of cementum?

A

Inorganic: HAp
Organic: type I collagen

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21
Q

what are the different patterns of the CEJ we need to know?

A

60% overlap, 30% meet, 10% gap

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22
Q

________ form cementum and they are located on the surface. what happens to them later?

A

Cementoblasts
- later they are embedded in the matrix and become cementocytes

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23
Q

what are the different fiber types in cementum?

A
  1. Extrinsic Fibers: produced by fibroblasts of PDL
  2. Intrinsic fibers: produced by cementoblasts
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24
Q

what are the 2 ways cementum can be classified?

A
  1. Acellular Extrinsic Fiber Cementum (AEFC)/ Acellular/ Primary cementum
  2. Cellular Intrinsic Fiber cementum (CIFC)/ Celluilar/ Secondary
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25
Q

what are some characteristics of AEFC? where can it be found?

A

AEFC has no cementocytes

Covers coronal 2/3 of root

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26
Q

The majority of fibers in AEFC are _________ and play a large role in _______

A

extrinsic
tooth attachment

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27
Q

where is CIFC located? what type of fibers are CIFC?

A

-covers apical 1/3 of root and interradicular area
-Majority of fibers are intrinsic and play a minor role in tooth attachment (fibers run up and down)

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28
Q

are CIFC found in anterior teeth?

A

no! usually absent

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29
Q

what direction do cementocytes processes orient toward?

A

PDL!

30
Q

if cementocytes are close to PDL they are ______, if they are far from PDL they are ______

A

Viable, in degeneration

31
Q

____________ is between TGL in mantle dentin and dental cementum and has a high mineralization level

A

Intermediate cementum

32
Q

what is the function of intermediate cementum?

A

to seal the surface of the sensitive root dentin

33
Q

what is mixed cementum?

A

alternating layers of cellular/acellular cementum

34
Q

how is cementum different than alveolar bone?

A

cementum is similar to alveolar bone, but is more resistant to resorption than bone

35
Q

___________ is an abnormal thickening of cementum

A

Hypercementosis

36
Q

In orthodontics,____________ is first broken down and reabsorbed, and this allows room for tooth to move

A

alveolar bone

37
Q

_____________ is the Soft CT that develops in concomitance with cementum and alveolar process development

A

Periodontal Ligament

38
Q

what is the development of Periodontal ligament like?

A

develops after detachment of HERS → Ectomesenchyme cells form fibroblasts → these produce collagen fibers which form bundles that run in the oblique direction

39
Q

True or false: periondontal ligament is completely finished growing and remodeling after turning 25

A

False, Remodeling occurs throughout life

40
Q

what is the location of the periodontal ligament?

A

between alveolar bone proper and cementum

41
Q

what is the function of the periodontal ligament?

A

suspends and supports tooth and acts as a sensory organ, provide attachment for tooth, withstand mastication force, permit tooth to have limited mobility, cushion, sensory, formative, nutritive

42
Q

what are the components of PDL?

A
  1. Cells (Fibroblasts, Osteoblasts, Osteoclasts, Cementoblasts)
  2. Fibers
  3. Epithelial rests of Malassez
  4. Cementicles
  5. Interstitial spaces
  6. AGS
43
Q

___________ are the most abundant cells in the PDL. How does the number of fibroblasts change throughout life?

A

Fibroblasts
Number decreases with age

44
Q

T/F: fibroblasts are not active

A

false! they are very active with high turnover

45
Q

_________ are on alveolar bone proper surface. what is their function?

A

Osteoblasts
Form alveolar bone/cementum

46
Q

what happens to osteoblasts after they become buried in the bone matrix?

A

they become osteocytes

47
Q

____________ present in resorption pits of alveolar bone. what is their function?

A

Osteoclasts
participate in remodeling of alveolar bone

48
Q

___________ present on surface of cementum. what is their function?

A

Cementoblasts
Form cementum matrix

49
Q

what happens to cementoblasts after they are buried in the cementum matrix?

A

they become melanocytes

50
Q

what are the 2 types of fibers in PDL?

A
  1. Collagen type I
  2. Elastic fiber/Oxytalan
51
Q

what are the 3 principal fiber groups made of type I collagen?

A
  1. Dentoalveolar group
  2. Transseptal ligament
  3. Gingival group
52
Q

______________ is the actual attachment of tooth root to alveolar bone, and they hold teeth in socket

A

dentoalveolar group

53
Q

what are the 5 subgroups of the dentoalveolar group?

A
  1. Alveolar crest fibers: diagonal from alveolar crest
  2. Horizontal fibers
  3. Oblique fibers: largest/most numerous
  4. Apical fibers: below bottom of root
  5. Interradicular fibers
54
Q

____________ connects adjacent teeth

A

Transseptal ligament

55
Q

____________ is a part of gingiva that is seen interproximally

A

Gingival group

56
Q

what are the different types of the gingival group?

A

-Dentogingival (free//attached)
-Alvelogingival
-Circular
-Dentoperiosteal

57
Q

what is the function of Elastic fibers/Oxytalan? where are they located?

A

Function: Provide support for blood vessels in PDL
Location: Parallel to tooth root → from cementum to PDL in an apical direction

58
Q

___________________ are remnants of HERS that are abundant in PDL

A

Epithelial rests of Malassez (ERM)

59
Q

what is the clinical correlation of ERM?

A

this the source of cysts and tumors

60
Q

_________ are similar to pulp stones that consist of concentric layers of mineralized tissue. what are the two different types?

A

Cementicles
Free/attached

61
Q

____________ are where different things pass through. what passes through here?

A

Interstitial spaces
Blood vessels, lymphatic vessels, nerves

62
Q

________________ is a major component of PDL that is made up of proteoglycans and non-collagenous proteins

A

Amorphous ground substances

63
Q

True/false: AGS have a unique shape under the microscope

A

False, they are shapeless under a microscope

64
Q

What are the 5 types of movement that periodontium is affected by?

A

Tipping
Bodily movement
Extrusive movement
Intrusive movement
Rotational movement

65
Q

which type of movement does PDL not have fibers against?

A

rotational

66
Q

__________ is the conversion of physical force into biologic response

A

Transduction

67
Q

what are 2 results of tooth movemnet?

A

Compression
Tension

68
Q

__________ can be seen on the side toward which tooth moves. There is a ______ of alveolar bone

A

Compression
resorption

69
Q

__________ can be seen on the side opposite to compression. There is a ______ of alveolar bone

A

tension
formation

70
Q

____________ results from too great or too rappid compression force

A

Hyalinization

71
Q

_____________ occurs in conjugation with hyalinization

A

Undermining resorption

602 EX 3 (8 decks)

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