Periodontics Flashcards
Which one of the following would be the most appropriate way to clear a periodontal probe of potential prions found in a patient with Creutzfeldt Jakob disease?
a. Gamma radiation
b. Incineration
c. Soap and water
d. Sodium hypochlorite
e. Vacuum autoclave
B. Incineration
Prions are highly resistant to disinfectants, heat, UV radiation, ionising radiation and formalin. However, prions can be deactivated by heat, chemicals and a combination of heat, chemicals, pressure and time. Prions can be destroyed through incineration provided that the incinerator can maintain a temperature of 900 degrees F for 4 hours.
After establishing drainage, which one of the following is the most appropriate first-line antimicrobial for a patient with a lateral periodontal abscess, lymphadenopathy and pyrexia?
a. Amoxicillin
b. Co-amoxiclav
c. Chloramphenicol
d. Erythromycin
e. Metronidazole
E. Metronidazole
Metronidazole is a core antibiotic for the treatment of anaerobic infections. Its mechanism of action is not entirely clear, but it is thought that the active metabolite interferes with DNA synthesis.
A 4 year-old presents with spontaneous bleeding of the gingivae. What is the likely diagnosis?
a. Gingivitis
b. Gingival hyperplasia
c. Leukaemia
d. Lymphoma
e. Vitamin E deficiency
C. Leukaemia
Presentation is highly variable, depending on the child’s age and the extent of leukemic infiltration of the bone marrow and other sites.
Classic signs include: anaemia; thrombocytopenia; hepatosplenomegaly; or lymphadenopathy. Initial symptoms are often non-specific and vague.
Which one of the following statements best describes the diagnosis of peri-implantitis?
a. BOP has a low sensitivity and low specificity
b. Implant mobility has a high sensitivity and high specificity
c. Probing depth has low sensitivity and high specificity
d. Pus expelled on digital pressure has high sensitivity and high specificity
e. Radiographic bone loss has high sensitivity and low specificity
D. Pus expelled on digital pressure has high sensitivity and high specificity.
Microbiological diagnostics are of high prognostic value and thus comprise an essential support for the choice of appropriate therapy.
Which one of the following bacterial species is not associated with adult periodontitis?
a. Fusobacterium nucleatum
b. Bacteroides forsythus
c. Porphyromonas gingivalis
d. Shigella sonnei
e. Prevotella intermedia
D. Shigella sonnei
All of the bacteria in the list are responsible for adult periodontitis except Shigella sonnei, which is responsible for acute diarrhoea.
Which one of the following statements regarding acute necrotising ulcerative gingivitis (ANUG) is true?
a. It is caused by gram positive anaerobic bacteria
b. It is characterised by chronic onset
c. It affects non-smokers more than smokers
d. It is caused by acid fast bacilli
e. It is characterised by interproximal necrosis
E. It is characterised by interproximal necrosis.
ANUG is caused by gram-negative anaerobic bacteria, usually in the mandible, has a very distinctive smell (fetor oris) and is more common in smokers and those with poor oral hygiene.
What is the correct treatment for a patient with ANUG?
ANUG is a very painful condition. The bacterial component is treated with metronidazole. Local measures should also be carried out - such as removing supra and subgingival deposits and OHI.
What is the maximum normal tooth movement of a crown in the horizontal plane?
a. 0.05mm
b. 0.1mm
c. 0.15mm
d. 0.2mm
e. 0.25mm
D. 0.2mm movement of the crown of a tooth in the horizontal plane is considered normal.
0.2-1mm is Grade 1 mobility. >1mm is Grade 2 mobility and grade 3 means movement in the vertical plane.
Which of the following clinical conditions predisposes patients with impaired/defective neutrophil function to severe periodontitis?
a. Patterson-Brown-Kelly syndrome
b. Chediak-Higashi disease
c. Hypothyroidism
d. Hyperthyroidism
e. Gardner’s syndrome
B. Chediak-Higashi disease
None of the others are relevant to periodontal disease
Which one of the following is associated with abnormal collagen formation, leading to periodontal disease?
a. Type I diabetes mellitus
b. Papillon-Lefevre syndrome
c. Hypophosphatasia
d. Type 2 diabetes
e. Hyperphosphatasia
C. Hypophosphatasia
Hypophosphatasia is associated with abnormal collagen formation and periodontal disease. Papillon-Lefevre syndrome is associated with abnormal neutrophil function, which leads to periodontal disease.
In juvenile periodontitis, which bacterium is the recognised aetiological agent?
a. Porphyromonas gingivalis
b. Prevotella intermedia
c. Actinobacillus actinomycetemcromitans
d. Borrelia burgdorferi
e. Fusobacterium intermedium
C. A. Actinomycetemcomitans is a capnophilic, non-motile rod that possesses a potent leucotoxin, which causes lysis of polymorphonuclear leucocytes.
Which teeth are most commonly affected in juvenile periodontitis?
a. Incisors and first permanent molars
b. Incisors and canines
c. Canines and premolars
d. Premolars and first permanent molars
e. Canines and first permanent molars
A. Incisors and first permanent molars. As these are the first teeth to erupt, they seem to be the teeth which are affected most by juvenile periodontitis.
What pressure should be used when probing for a BPE?
a. 5g
b. 25g
c. 75g
d. 150g
e. 500g
B. 25g
This is the level of force prescribed by the World Health Organisation
Which of the following statements regarding dental calculus is false?
a. It is mineralised dental plaque
b. It is composed of hydroxyapatite
c. It is the primary cause of periodontitis
d. The other surface remains covered by a layer of plaque
e. It forms when plaque is mineralised from calcium and phosphate ions
C. The primary cause of periodontitis is plaque, not calculus.
What is the active component of Elyzol, a topical antimicrobial placed in deep periodontal pockets?
a. Tetracycline
b. Amoxicillin
c. Clindamycin
d. Erythromycin
e. Metronidazole
E. Metronidazole
Elyzol is 25% metronidazole in a gel form, and is placed in the periodontal pocket. It has been shown to be efficacious in the treatment of periodontal disease.
