Periodontal Staging and Grading SRM Flashcards
Periodontitis: Armitage 1999
*Severity of disease based upon
*Slight: —
*Moderate: —
*Severe: —
Clinical Attachment Level (Gold Standard)
1‐2 mm
3‐4 mm
≥ 5mm
So why the change?
*Few practitioners use clinical attachment level (CAL) routinely
*AAP formed a Task Force in 2015 to identify alternative criteria including
(3)
*Radiographic Bone Loss (RBL)
*Probing Depth (PD)
However, a 6 mm probing depth with 20% bone loss is significantly different that 6 mm
with 75% bone loss
2015 Task Force vs. 2017 Workshop
*Probing depth not considered diagnostic
(2)
*Inflammation has effect on penetration of probe into tissue
*Inflammation (swelling) may move gingival margin coronally (pseudopocket)
*Workshop Recommendations
(2)
*Use Interproximal Attachment Loss (2 or more non‐adjacent teeth)
*Use probing depth as a ‘complexity’ factor (difficulty of treatment)
2017 Classification of Periodontal and Peri‐implant
Diseases and Conditions
*New classification based on
strongest current evidence.
*Clarifies ‐Contemporizes
*Adaptive System‐3 dimensional
Adaptive System‐3 dimensional
(3)
*Severity/Extent (number of teeth affected rather than sites)
*Prognosis (affects no teeth, up to 4 teeth, 5 or more teeth)
*Progression (Grading)
2017 AAP Classification
Rationale for change is to
(2)
*Recognize and monitor systemic influences INFLOWING to Periodontal
Disease such as Smoking and Diabetes
*Control Inflammatory and Microbial influences from Periodontal Disease
OUTFLOWING to systemic targets to decrease the co‐morbid effect of the
periodontal disease
NHANES 2009‐2014
*10,683 dentate subjects 30 years or older
*42% periodontitis
*7.8% severe
*34.4% non‐severe
*Prevalence of non‐severe and total increased with age
*Greatest amongst men (50.2%), Mexican Americans (59.7%), adults below 100% of Federal poverty level (60.4%), current smokers (62.4%) and self reported diabetes (59.9%)
*Prevalence of total disease highest in those who did not use dental floss or visit dentist regularly
*Centers for Disease Control and Prevention‐approximately 47% of adults >30 years old have periodontitis and this is the primary cause of tooth loss in adults.
SRM
Goal of New System
Staging and Grading
(3)
*Easy to use
*Should promote better communication (?) with
*Identify response to treatment
Should promote better communication (?) with
(3)
*Patient
*Referring dentists, hygienists
*Other health care professionals
AAP 2017 Classification
Staging and Grading
*Every patient categorized based on the — periodontal site and specific
factors that may impact long term management
*Staging is divided into
(3)
worst
*Severity
*Complexity
*Extent and distribution
STAGING
*“Staging” (1‐4) based upon severity of disease and complexity
of case management
Considers:
(6)
*Clinical attachment loss (CAL)‐using worst site
*Amount and % of bone loss
*Probing depth
*Presence/extent of ridge defects and
furcation involvement
*Tooth mobility
*Tooth loss (due to periodontitis if known)
Criteria for Defining Periodontitis
*Interdental Clinical Attachment Loss at —
OR
*Buccal or Oral Clinical Attachment Loss —
*with pocketing —
*on — or more teeth
2 or more non‐adjacent teeth
≥ 3 mm
>3mm
2
Caution
*Ensure the problem cannot be attributed to non‐periodontal causes such as
(5)
*Gingival recession due to trauma (toothbrush trauma/toothpaste abrasion)
*Dental caries extending to or below the gingival margin
*Defect on distal of 2nd molars caused by malposition or extraction of a 3rd molar
*Endodontic lesion draining through marginal periodontium (deep probing depth)
*Vertical root fracture (usually isolated deep probing depth)
Complexity
*Takes into account overall
*Evaluates (2)
probing depths
*Evaluates radiographic bone loss, horizontal and vertical
*Evaluates furcation involvements, number of missing teeth, function
Periodontitis: Local
Stage I
(2)
*Max probing
depth ≤ 4 mm
*Mostly
horizontal bone
loss
Periodontitis: Local
Stage II
(2)
*Max probing
depth ≤ 5 mm
*Mostly
horizontal
bone loss
Periodontitis: Local
Stage III
(3)
In addition to
Stage II
complexity
*Probing
depths ≥ 6mm
*Vertical bone
loss ≥ 3mm
*Class II or III
Furcation
Involvements
*Moderate
ridge defects