Periodontal Staging and Grading SRM Flashcards

1
Q

Periodontitis: Armitage 1999
*Severity of disease based upon
*Slight: —
*Moderate: —
*Severe: —

A

Clinical Attachment Level (Gold Standard)

1‐2 mm
3‐4 mm
≥ 5mm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

So why the change?
*Few practitioners use clinical attachment level (CAL) routinely
*AAP formed a Task Force in 2015 to identify alternative criteria including
(3)

A

*Radiographic Bone Loss (RBL)
*Probing Depth (PD)
However, a 6 mm probing depth with 20% bone loss is significantly different that 6 mm
with 75% bone loss

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

2015 Task Force vs. 2017 Workshop
*Probing depth not considered diagnostic
(2)

A

*Inflammation has effect on penetration of probe into tissue
*Inflammation (swelling) may move gingival margin coronally (pseudopocket)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

*Workshop Recommendations
(2)

A

*Use Interproximal Attachment Loss (2 or more non‐adjacent teeth)
*Use probing depth as a ‘complexity’ factor (difficulty of treatment)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

2017 Classification of Periodontal and Peri‐implant
Diseases and Conditions
*New classification based on

A

strongest current evidence.
*Clarifies ‐Contemporizes
*Adaptive System‐3 dimensional

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Adaptive System‐3 dimensional
(3)

A

*Severity/Extent (number of teeth affected rather than sites)
*Prognosis (affects no teeth, up to 4 teeth, 5 or more teeth)
*Progression (Grading)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

2017 AAP Classification
Rationale for change is to
(2)

A

*Recognize and monitor systemic influences INFLOWING to Periodontal
Disease such as Smoking and Diabetes
*Control Inflammatory and Microbial influences from Periodontal Disease
OUTFLOWING to systemic targets to decrease the co‐morbid effect of the
periodontal disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

NHANES 2009‐2014
*10,683 dentate subjects 30 years or older
*42% periodontitis
*7.8% severe
*34.4% non‐severe
*Prevalence of non‐severe and total increased with age
*Greatest amongst men (50.2%), Mexican Americans (59.7%), adults below 100% of Federal poverty level (60.4%), current smokers (62.4%) and self reported diabetes (59.9%)
*Prevalence of total disease highest in those who did not use dental floss or visit dentist regularly

A

*Centers for Disease Control and Prevention‐approximately 47% of adults >30 years old have periodontitis and this is the primary cause of tooth loss in adults.
SRM

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Goal of New System
Staging and Grading
(3)

A

*Easy to use
*Should promote better communication (?) with
*Identify response to treatment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Should promote better communication (?) with
(3)

A

*Patient
*Referring dentists, hygienists
*Other health care professionals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

AAP 2017 Classification
Staging and Grading
*Every patient categorized based on the — periodontal site and specific
factors that may impact long term management
*Staging is divided into
(3)

A

worst

*Severity
*Complexity
*Extent and distribution

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

STAGING
*“Staging” (1‐4) based upon severity of disease and complexity
of case management
Considers:
(6)

A

*Clinical attachment loss (CAL)‐using worst site
*Amount and % of bone loss
*Probing depth
*Presence/extent of ridge defects and
furcation involvement
*Tooth mobility
*Tooth loss (due to periodontitis if known)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Criteria for Defining Periodontitis
*Interdental Clinical Attachment Loss at —
OR
*Buccal or Oral Clinical Attachment Loss —
*with pocketing —
*on — or more teeth

A

2 or more non‐adjacent teeth

≥ 3 mm
>3mm
2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Caution
*Ensure the problem cannot be attributed to non‐periodontal causes such as
(5)

A

*Gingival recession due to trauma (toothbrush trauma/toothpaste abrasion)
*Dental caries extending to or below the gingival margin
*Defect on distal of 2nd molars caused by malposition or extraction of a 3rd molar
*Endodontic lesion draining through marginal periodontium (deep probing depth)
*Vertical root fracture (usually isolated deep probing depth)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Complexity
*Takes into account overall
*Evaluates (2)

A

probing depths

*Evaluates radiographic bone loss, horizontal and vertical
*Evaluates furcation involvements, number of missing teeth, function

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Periodontitis: Local
Stage I
(2)

A

*Max probing
depth ≤ 4 mm
*Mostly
horizontal bone
loss

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Periodontitis: Local
Stage II
(2)

A

*Max probing
depth ≤ 5 mm
*Mostly
horizontal
bone loss

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Periodontitis: Local
Stage III
(3)

A

In addition to
Stage II
complexity
*Probing
depths ≥ 6mm
*Vertical bone
loss ≥ 3mm
*Class II or III
Furcation
Involvements
*Moderate
ridge defects

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Periodontitis: Local
Stage IV
(5)

A

In addition to Stage III
complexity
Need for complex rehabilitation
due to
*Masticatory dysfunction
*Secondary Occlusal Trauma
(≥ 2 mobility)
*Bite collapse, drifting, flaring
*<10 opposing pairs remaining
teeth (<20 teeth total)
*Severe ridge defects

20
Q

Stage I or II
Tooth Loss

A

No tooth loss likely

21
Q

Stage III
Tooth Loss

A

Risk of tooth loss (up to 4)

22
Q

Stage IV
Tooth Loss

A

Risk of loss of arch or dentition (>5
teeth)

23
Q

Prognosis based upon Staging
***Remember tooth loss MUST be due to

A

Periodontitis

24
Q

Stage 1
*Stage I (initial)
CAL
% BL
Tooth loss
PD
Type of BL

A

*1–2 mm clinical attachment loss (CAL), less than 15% bone loss (BL) around
root, no tooth loss due to periodontal disease, probing depth (PD) 4 mm or
less, mostly horizontal BL

25
Q

Stage 2
*Stage II (moderate)
CAL
% BL
Tooth loss
PD
Type of BL

A

3–4 mm CAL, 15%–33% BL, no tooth loss due to periodontal disease, PD 5 mm
or less, mostly horizontal BL

26
Q

Stage 3
*Stage III (severe with potential for additional tooth loss)
CAL
% BL
Tooth loss
PD
Type of BL
Others (2)

A

5 mm or more CAL, BL beyond 33%, tooth loss of four teeth or less (due to
periodontal disease), with complex issues such as PD 6 mm or more, vertical
BL 3 mm or more, Class II–III furcations, and/or moderate ridge defects

27
Q

Stage 4
*Stage IV (severe with potential for loss of dentition)

A

Encompasses all of Stage III with additional features that will require the need
for complex rehabilitation due to masticatory dysfunction, secondary occlusal
trauma, severe ridge defects, bite collapse, pathologic migration of teeth, less
than 20 remaining teeth (10 opposing pairs)

28
Q

Tooth Loss due to Periodontitis (if known)
*No tooth loss =
*≤ 4 teeth =
*≥5 teeth =

A

Stage I or II
Stage III*
Stage IV*

29
Q

*Trump cards

A

*if lost ANY teeth due to periodontitis, then automatically Stage III or IV

30
Q

Furcation Involvement
Trump card

A

*Furcation involvement of Grade 2 or 3 automatically puts patient into
Periodontitis Stage 3 or 4 (Severe or Very Severe)

31
Q

EXTENT AND DISTRIBUTION
(Added to Stage as a Descriptor)
Concept is to know percentage of teeth affected by periodontitis of ANY
Stage
*1. Localized—
*2. Generalized—
*3. Molar‐incisor—

A

Bone Loss involves less than 30% of teeth in mouth
Bone Loss involves more than 30% of teeth in mouth
BL is found around molar (usually first) and anterior
incisors SRM

32
Q

EXTENT AND DISTRIBUTION
(Added to Stage as a Descriptor)
Molar/Incisor pattern generally applies to ‘old’ classifications of
*Localized Aggressive Periodontitis which was known before that as
*Localized Juvenile Periodontitis
Now

A

Stage III Grade C

33
Q

GRADING
Considers biological features:
(4)

A

*RATE of disease progression
*Risk for further advancement
*Potential threats to general health (including smoking, diabetes)
*Response to standard therapy

34
Q

GRADING
*“Grading” (A‐C)
*A:
*B:
*C:

A

Low risk of progression
Moderate risk of progression
High risk of progression

35
Q

Initially assume Grade — then seek specific evidence to shift to Grade

A

B
A or C

36
Q
  1. Direct Evidence
    (2)
A

*historical radiographic bone loss or
*clinical attachment loss

37
Q
  1. Indirect Evidence
    (3)
A

*% bone loss/patient age
*Case Phenotype (Soft tissue thickness, bone thickness)
*Heavy plaque accumulation but minimal destruction vs. minimal plaque
but major destruction

38
Q

Grading
1. Direct Evidence
(3)

A

*No loss over 5 years (Grade A)
*< 2mm loss over 5 years (Grade B)
*> 2mm over 5 years (Grade C)
SRM

39
Q

Grading
2. Indirect Evidence
(2)

A

*% bone loss/age
*Case Phenotype

40
Q

Grading
Modifiers (RISK factors)
Smoking and Diabetes
Grade A: (2)

A

Slow rate
Nonsmoker, nondiabetic

41
Q

Grading
Modifiers (RISK factors)
Smoking and Diabetes
Grade B: (3)

A

Moderate rate
< 10 cigarettes/day
Diabetic with HbA1c <7%

42
Q

Grading
Modifiers (RISK factors)
Smoking and Diabetes
Grade C: (3)

A

Rapid rate
≥ 10 cigarettes/day
Diabetic with HbA1c ≥ 7%

43
Q

*Chronic periodontitis, aggressive periodontitis =

A

Periodontitis

44
Q

Periodontal biotype =

A

Periodontal phenotype

45
Q

Excessive occlusal force =

A

Traumatic occlusal force

46
Q

Biologic width =

A

Supracrestal Attached Tissue
(Supracrestal Connective Tissue + Junctional Epithelium)