Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

perio > periodontal Microbiology > Flashcards

periodontal Microbiology Flashcards

1
Q

what are the different ways we’ve studied plaque formation

A

Adhesive tape from tooth surface
Plaque grown on epoxy resin crowns worn for differnent time periods
In vitro studies of atachment and aggregation betwen different bacterial species
- Experimental gingivitis models

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

how did we do early studies of oral microbial research

A

Cultivation

Microscopy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what is teh great plate anomaly

A

we were only ble to study what we could grow (only focus on cultivatable species

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what revolutioned bacterial species ID

A

Molecular DNA and RNA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

how many oral species are there

A

700+ (includes exotics)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

besides bacteria what also may play a role in disease

A

Fungi and viruses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

define plaque biofilm

A

Organized cooperating community of organisms with specific inter-bacterial and host-bacterial interactions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what are the stages of biofilm formation

A 
Association
Adhesion
Proliferation
Microcolonies
Biofilm formation
GRowth/maturation
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

how does attachment occur in biofilm formation

A

Planktonic bacteria adhere to acquired pellicle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what is the pellicle made of

A

Salivary glycoproteins and antibodies

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what allows planktonic bacteria to adhere to the acquired pellicle

A

alteration in surface charge and free energy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what is oral disease directly related to

A

Bacterial

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

is bacteria always pathogenic

A

no, provides benifits

- low B.P: breakdown nitrates doen to NO

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

can mouth wash cure gingivitis

A

no, you stupid bitch, you can drink it though and get drunk and have minty fresh breath

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

how much microbiota is found in healthy peopel

A

70-120 different species, some only existing in certain areas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

how much microbiota does each person share betwen each other

A

about 10%, we are all unique

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

how long does it take for bacterial attachment to occur

A

2 minutes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

what do Rapid attachers have when forming biofilm

A

they have specific attachment structures (fimbriae, extracellular polymers, glycoclyx)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

what do slow attachers have to form biofilms

A

No specific mechanism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

how does Bacteria change following attachment

A

Synth of new outer membrane proteins

Active cellular growth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

when do microcolonies appear

A

In 30 minutes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

what is Co-aggregation

A

Cell-to-cel recognition of genetically distinct cell types

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

how do biofilms grow

A

Co-aggregation

Co-adhesion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

what mediates Co-aggregation

A

By protein or glycoprotein receptors on one cell and carbs on the other

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

how do co-aggregated cells eventually attach to the tooth

A

CElls are suspended and form clumps that eventually attach to a pellicle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

what is Co-adhesion

A

Interaction between suspended and already adhering micro-organisms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

what influences co-Adhesion

A

Temp(needs to be above 37 degrees)

LActose( high lactose creates low co-adhesion)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

what is the benifit of co-aggregatoin for biofilm formation

A

Allows normally non-binding cells to attach to the tooth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

what happens in the maturation of biofilms

A

Increase diveristy
Replication and matrix form
Ecological succession

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

what are primary colonizers

A

Stick on the Saliva GP’s on the tooth surface

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

what are secondary colonizers

A

Bridge species

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

roll of bridge species

A

Co-aggulators that associate with many species

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

what are tertiary colonizers

A

Mostly pathogenic
grow slowly
attach to bridge species
compromise the immune system greatly

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

T/F S. sanguis is found in large numbers in deep, active
periodontal pockets. Thorough scaling and root planing
of a deep periodontal pocket will most likely result in
increased numbers of A. actinomycetemcomitans.

A

first is false

Second flase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

do healthy people have teritary colonizers in their mouth

A

yes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

hwo does biofilm thickness affect diffusion

A

Makes it more difficult to diffuse in and out of the biofilm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

what does biofilm thickness do to the O2 gradient

A

An O2 gradient developes

- No oxygen in the deepest layer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

what happens to the fermenation products as biofilm thickness

A

More fermentation products near the tooth just sit there

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

are primary colonizer aerobic and anaerobic

A

Most are aerobic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

how many primary colonizers does brushing remove

A

About 40% (goal is optimal thickness with healthy biofilm)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

is secondary colonizer F. Nuc anaerobic or aerobic

A

Anaearobic (microarophilic)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

what do tertiary colonizers eat

A

Proteolyic and therefore eat proteins

- cytokines

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

what is the ciricular system that teritary colonizers causes

A

Cause inflammation
Body Release cytokines
colonizers Eat cytokines
more inflammation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

what does Gingivis lead to, bacterially

A

Leads to tertiary colonizers forming

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

How do primary colonizer ceate energy

A

Ox Pos

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

why does the body tolerate primary colonizers

A

Do Oxidative Phosphorylation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
47
Q

how do Tertiary colonizers create enery

A

Fermentation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
48
Q

Problem with tertiary colonizer doing fermentation

A

lots of biosynth that can cause porblems with the immune system
- eats immune system parts

49
Q

what happens if you don’t aggetate biofilm for more than 2 days

A

primary colonizers die
nothing can get in or out of biofilm
pathogen expansion

50
Q

what does fermentation lead to on the tooth

A

Caries

51
Q

problem with short chain fatty acids created by tertiaryy colonizers

A

Inflammation with lots of cytokines

Food for tertiary colonizers

52
Q

what does supreagingival plaque use as food

A

Dietary products dissolved in saliva

53
Q

what does subgingival plaue eat

A

Periodontal tissues and blood

54
Q

how does subgingival plaque eat periodontal tissues and blood

A

BActerial hydrolytic enzymes breakdown host macro-molecules into peptides and amino aicds
- from plasma

55
Q

what are teh 2 parts of biofilm

A

Microcolonies (15-20% volume)

Interbacterial matrix

56
Q

what are the 3 sources of matrix in the biofilm

A

Dead bacterial cells
Saliva
Gingival exudate

57
Q

what allows comm in a biofilm

A

Presence of voids or water channels

58
Q

what is the backbone of the biofilm

A

Exopolysaccharides

59
Q

what makes up the lower layer of the biofilm

A

Dense layer of microbes

Polysaccharide matrix

60
Q

how well is the lower later of biofilm head together

A

Tightly bound together

61
Q

diffusion gradient of the lower layer of the biofilm

A

Steep diffusion gradient

62
Q

orginization of the lose layer of biofilm

A

Irregular appearce

63
Q

where is the loose layer of the biofilm

A

extends to surrounding medi

64
Q

what makes up the fluid layer of biofilm

A

Stationary sublayer

FLuid layer in motion

65
Q

what is the roll of the fluid layer of biofilm

A

Nourishes the biofilm by molecular diffusion

66
Q

what does the shape of micro-colonies depend on

A

Shear force

67
Q

what forms with low shear force

A

Towers or mushroom

68
Q

what forms with high shear

A

Elongated colonies capable of oscillation

69
Q

why would a supragingival plaque be gram positive matrix

A

due to dextrans and levans

70
Q

shape of supragingival plaque colonies

A

Towers/mushroom

Elongated Colonies

71
Q

characteristics of gram-positive matrix

A

Very fibrillar and very sticky

72
Q

what is found in gram-negative matrix

A

Tri-laminar vesicles

Filled with endo toxins and proteolytic enzymes

73
Q

what is the roll of gram-negative matrixes

A

INvolved in adherence

74
Q

orginization of gram-neagtive matrix

A

Very regular

75
Q

roll of interbacterial carbs for supragingival plaque

A

energy source - dextrans and fructans

Skeleton of plaque - mutans

76
Q

how does gram negative and positive bacteria work together to cause problems

A

gram positive stick

Gram negative secrete endotoxins and proteolytic enzymes and adhere too`

77
Q

where does bacteria get its primary attachment subgingivaly

A

from the cuticle

78
Q

what of the cuticle is used to form the primary attachment

A

Epithelial attachment
Crevicular fluid
Secreted by adjacent epithelium

79
Q

what does the strucutre of subgingival plaque resemble

A

Supragingival plaque

80
Q

how is the bacteria near the sulcular epithelium differeent from that which attaches to the tooth

A

Sulcular epithelium has no interbacterial matrix

Sulcular epithlium has more spirochetes and flagellated bacteria

81
Q

whatcan trasport bacteria rom one sulcus to the other

A

Probing

82
Q

problem with doing implants with people who have perio disease

A

implants don’t set properly and it is against the standard of care

83
Q

what bacteria are needed for succession to form robust biofilm in O2

A

Streptococcus Cristatus
Fusobacterium Nucleatum
Porphyromonas gingivalis

84
Q

what can streptococcus cristatus live in

A

A facultative species that can live with or without O2, but uses O2 when available

85
Q

what evironment does Fusobacterium nucleatum like

A

Its a robuzt anaerobe, but binding to strep improves survival in the presence of O2

86
Q

what environment does Porphyromonas Gingivalis Like

A

Microaerophilic, obligate anaerobe,

- needs to coaggregate with O2 to survive

87
Q

Does F. Nucleatum invade epithelial cels

A

yes

88
Q

Does S. Crestatus invade cells

A

No, but can be caried inside via F. Nucleatum

89
Q

how does biofilm living help with defence

A

Presence of concentrated bacterial enzymes

Inter-bacterial matrix

90
Q

does presence or absense of bacteria lead to disease

A

No, actually it is the number of bacteria that lead to disease

91
Q

How does Bioflim life protect from external changes

A

Diffusion minimal in interior region
Antibioitic and antimicrobial resistance
Protection from friction and shearing forces
Attachment

92
Q

How does biofilm all the tranfer of info and genetic material

A 
Signaling (quarum sensing)
Conjugation
Transformation
Plasmid transfer
Trnasposon transfer
93
Q

advantages of biofilm living

A

Defense
Protection from external changes
Transfer of info and genetic material

94
Q

how can quarum sensing be bad for a host

A

can convert healthy biofilm to unhealthy biofilm

95
Q

antibioifics effect on biofilms

A

Don’t really work on biofilms

96
Q

how can you get rid of biofilms

A

Need to disrupt them with force

97
Q

what is quorum sensing

A

REgulation of expression of specific genes through accumulation of signaling compounds that mediate intercellular communication

98
Q

what does quorum sensing depending

A

Cell density

99
Q

what turns on in response to cell density

A

Auto-inducer (AI) 1 or 2

100
Q

what does Quroum sensing do in a biofilm when it reaches threshold

A

Antibiotic resistnace

Encourgage growth of benifitical species

101
Q

AI-2 and its importance in Quarum sensing

A

Commensal bacteria produce and respond to low levels of AI-2
Pathogens produce AI-2 in high levels
AI-2 may determine switch from cmmensal to pathogenic community

102
Q

how much do biofilms resist Antibiotics

A

1000 to 1500 more resistance than blanktonic

103
Q

How fast do biofilms grow

A

Biofilm bacteria grow morely than planktonic

104
Q

why does the slow growing of bacteria in biofilms help to resist and biotics

A

antibiotics depend o n cell turnover for efficacy
Slow-growers express more non-specific defesnse mechansims
Slow growers make more exo-polymers

105
Q

what do Exo-polymers do

A

Retard diffusions

106
Q

how do Exo-polymers work

A
  • Ion-exchange mechanism prevents highly charged moleculres from reaching deeper zones
  • extracellular enzymes inactivate antibiotics
107
Q

what are the extracellular enzymes that aid in inactivating antibiotics

A

Beat-lactamases
Formaldehyde dehydrogenase
Formaldehyde lyase

108
Q

how do biofilm bacteria express different genes

A

Gene transfer phenotypic expression of biofilm existance

109
Q

what is the classic concept of a pathogen

A

pathogens produce virulence factors that damage host directly or induce host to damage itself

110
Q

do oral pathogens fit the classic concept of a pathogen

A

NO

111
Q

why don’t oral pathogens fit the classic conept of a pathogen

A

Normally present throughout life

Damage requires presence in large numbers

112
Q

what causes oral microbial disase

A

Ecological shiftss leading to changs in proportions of oral pathogens

113
Q

how do ecological shifts lead to oral pathogens

A

Balance shifts in favor of pathogens/disease

114
Q

what is an ecological catastrophe that leads to oral pathogens

A

periodontal disease

115
Q

how did the ecological understanding of oral disease change dentistry

A
  • Tooth brushing was hard to get interproximals, now we use non-contact electric brushes (ultrasonic)
  • understanding antiboitic resitnace
  • Targets of vaccines now for common resistance genes (AI-2) not specific bacteria
116
Q

can bacteria infect membranes in guided tissue regeneration

A

Yes

117
Q

what was the ultimate effect of understanding oral disease in the mouth

A

one-stage-full mouth disinfection was created

118
Q

What is one-stage, full mouth disinfection

A

Full mouth scaling and root planing with in 24 hours
Subgingival irrigation with 1% chlorhexedine
Tongue Brushing
Oral antimicrobial rinse

perio (8 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions