Anatomy of the Periodontium Flashcards
other names for the periodontium
Attachment apparatus
Supporting tissues of the tooth
Parts of periodontium from inside to outside
Root Cementum
PDL
Alveolar Bone
Gingiva
Alveolar Bone parts
Alveolar Bone Proper (bundle Bone)
Alveolar Process
what makes up the Alveolar bone`
Inner Cortical Plate (near cementum)
Alveolar bone Proper
OUter coritcal plate (near gingiva
Embryogensis of Tooth
-Ectomesenchyme condesnses around Dental Organ
Dental Papilla and dental follicle form
what does the dental papilla give rise to
Dentin and pulp to determine the shape of the tooth
what deos the dental follicle form
the periodontium
what is the Gingiva
Part of the masticatory mucosa which covers the alveolar process and surrounds the cervical portion of the teeth
PArts of the gingiva
Free Gingiva
Attached gingiva
Interdental papilla
what are the two sides of the PDL
Bundle bone and Sharpy’s fibers
where does all of the periodontium come from
Dental Folicle
other names for Free GIngiva
Gingival sulcus
MArginal gingiva
Sulcus depth
where does the Free gingiva exist
From the Free Gignival margin to the Free gingival groove
what is the gingiva made from
Keratinized epithelium
what is the coronal end of the gingiva
Free gingival margin
location of the Free gingival margin
1.5-2mm coronal to CEJ
what does the free gingival groove conect
The junction between free and attached gingiva
what does the Free gingival groove relate to
CEJ
how many people have free gingival grooves
30-40 percent of adults
where does the oral epithlium of the gingva face
Faces the oral caivty
where does the oral sulcular epithlium face
Tooth surface, without contacting it
what does junctional epithlium do
Provides contact between gingiva and the tooth
what does the probe depth represent in health
the free gingiva
where is the junctional epithlium in an erupted tooth
at th CEJ or 1mm above it
Characteristics of attached gingiva
Firm
Coral pink
Immobile
what happens to width of attached gingiva as you age
increases with age due to passive eruption
where is the attached gingiva the widdest and most narrow
widest in incisors and most narrow in the premolars
except mandibular lingual where it is narrowest in incisors and widest in molars
what is stippling
Small depressions on the attached gingiva
how many people have stipling
40%
is Stippling good
Yes, sign of health (goes away from inflammation)
what is the mucogingival junction
the junction betwwen the attached gingiva and alveolar mucosa
where is a mucogingival junction not found
Not in the Palate
what type of people tend to have free gingival grooves
Those that also have stippling
roll of the attached gingiva
Supports marginal gingiva
Base for moveable elements (lips, cheek, tongue)
Withstand Functional stress
Barrier for passage of inglammation
how does the attached gingival withstand frictional and functional stresses
Thick CT layer
Firmly bound to periosteum and bone
does thickness of attached gingiva mayyer to healthy patients
No
what characteristics of gingiva matter for prevention of inflammation
Width
Thickness
what part of the mouth does not have a mucogingival junction
palate (no non-keratinized tissue, so no junction possible)
what is width of the gingiva
the height (apical to coronal)
what is the thickness of gingival
tooth to facial/lingual dimension
what does the shape of the interdental papilla depend on
The contact relationships between adjacent teeth
With of approximal tooth surfaces
Course of CEJ
what is the Col
Concavity seen in contact areas of premolar/molar region
what type of epithelium makes up the col
Non-keratinized epithelium( similar to junctional)
when does the papilla completely fill the space between teeth
when the distance from the contact point to the crest of the bone is less than 5 mm
problem with the dental papilla
greatest susesptibility to perio disease
what happens to the interdental papilla if there is space between the teeth
disappears
does the interdental papilla reappear once teeth come back into contact
Yes
size demensions for black triangles
- less then 5mm between bone crest and contact point: no black triangles
- less than 6mm: 50% loose
- less than 7mm: 75% loose papilla
if tooth is removed what happens to dental papilla
Does go away, but can come back if you fill space quickly
The base(bottom) of the gingival sulcus in a healthy mouth is positioned apical to the CEJ. When is this condition most likely to occur?
at ages 40-60 years old
what are the cells of the oral epithelium
KEratinized, stratified, squamous epithelium (keratinocytes)
layers of the oral epithelium
Basal layer (stratum basale or stratum germinativum)
PRickle cell later (stratum spinosum)
Granular cell layer (stratum granulosum)
Keratinized cell layer (stratum corneum)
what types of cells make up the keratinized cell layer of the oral epithelium
Orthokeratinized (no nucleus)
Parakeratinized (nuclear remnanats)
what cells can devide in the oral epithelium
BAsal layer
what happens to cells as you move from the basal layer in oral epithelium
more desmosomes Less leaky more dense less active less organelles more keratin/tonofilaments
why does the oral epithlium want to be leaky
so nutrients and blood can get to the more superficial layers
what are the 2 types of cells of the oral epithlium
Keratinocytes
Clear cells
what are the clear cells of the oral epithlium
Melanocytes
Langerhans cells
Merkel’s cells
Roll of lnagerhans cells
Defensive cells
Roll of Merkel’s cells
Sensory
where is the basement membrane found
Present between basal layer of oral epithlium and CT
size of the basement membrane
1-2 micrometers wide
what is found in basements membrane
Rich in glycoproteins
Protein-polysacccharide complexes
roll of glycoproteins in basement membranes
Space maintainers
keeps tissues hydrated
layers of the basement membarnes
Lamina Lucida
Lamina Densa
what is the lamina lucida next to
Adjacent to basal cells
what is the lamina densa next to
Connective tissue
what attaches the lamina densa to connective tissue
anchoring fibers
what attaches the lamina lucida to the epithelium
Hemidesmosomes
what is a desmosomes
Pair of hemidesmosomes
what is the morphology between the Oral epithlium and connective tissues
Connective tissues projects into epithelium via Connective tissue Papillae
what are the projections of eptihlium to the connective tissue
Epithelial eidges or rete pegs
where are REte pegs not found
At Junctional epithlium sites
what causes Stippling
Rete pegs fusing
what biotype tends to have stippling
Thick biotype
