Periodontal medicine Flashcards
What is the link between periodontitis and pregnancy?
Maternal periodontitis modestly but significantly associated with LWB and preterm birth.
Maternal periodontitis was significantly associated with pre-eclampsia. (medical problem that can induce premature birth)
How may periodontitis be linked with cardio vascular disease?
Researchers suspect that bacteria present in gum disease can travel throughout the body, triggering inflammation in the heart’s vessels and infection in heart valves.
What are advanced glycation end products (AGEs) and how is it linked to periodontitis?
During periods of hyperglycaemia proteins become gradually glycated resulting in advanced glycation end products (AGE).
AGEs are potent circulating pro-inflammatory by-products, stimulate phagocytes and induce release of pro-inflammatory mediators which are also implicated in periodontal tissue breakdown
What is preterm labour?
Premature labour is labour that happens before the 37th week of pregnancy
What is the aetiology of periodontitis?
Combination of;
Bacterium & their virulcence (A. actinomycetemcomitans, P. gingivalis, T. forsythia)
Environmental factors (Smoking, Socio-economic status, Stress
Host response (Genetic predisposition)
P. health = bacterial virulence and host response in balance
Comment on the link between menopause, osteoporosis and periodontitis
Post menopause trabecular bone loss is increased and resulting decrease in bone mineral density (osteoporosis) this in turn leads to great CAL hence the link to periodontal disease
What is considered low birth weight?
Born weighing less than 2500g (5lbs)
What is the link between cytokines in patients with DM with periodontitis?
In type 1 DM its is obserevd that there is an elevation in IL-1β and PGE2 in the Gingival Crevicular Fluid
In type 2 DM eleveated IL-1β and IL-6
These cytokines are associated with poor glycaemic control in DM in patients with chronic periodontitis
What are some aetiologies of preterm low birth weight?
Infection
Uterine problems
Maternal medical problems (DM, Pre-eclampsia)
Placental Problems
Multiple Pregnancies
Pre-eclampsia = High BP when pregnant
Comment on the relationship of P. Gingavalis in patients with periodontitis and DM
P gingivalis was detected more frequently in those who had increased HbA1c after treatment
What is the link between immune cell function in patients with DM with periodontitis?
DM manifest a hyperinflammatory phenotype
DM patients have significantly higher gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) levels of proinflammatory cytokines like PGE2 and IL-1b when compared to controls with similar periodontal status.
