periodontal disease risk factors Flashcards
What is a risk factor?
environmental, behavioral, or biological element associated with an increased likelihood of developing a disease
What are the two criteria for identifying a risk factor?
must be biologically plausible as a causal agent for the disease.
must precede the development of the disease.
How does age relate to periodontal health?
With increasing age, the loss of attachment in periodontal tissues becomes more prevalent, extensive, and severe.
What factors are included in socioeconomic status?
Income.
Rural residence, reflecting access to care.
Education levels.
How do degenerative changes with age impact susceptibility to periodontitis?
Degenerative changes related to aging may increase the susceptibility to periodontitis.
How does socioeconomic status affect the prevalence of periodontal disease?
There is an increased prevalence of periodontal disease with decreased socioeconomic status.
Why are periodontal diseases more prevalent in males than females?
Differences in oral hygiene practices and use of preventive procedures.
Hormonal differences.
Other physiological or behavioral differences.
How does cumulative exposure to risk factors affect periodontal health with age?
Attachment and bone loss may result from prolonged exposure to risk factors, creating a cumulative effect over time.
T or F: Infrequent dental treatment is associated with extensive and severe periodontal disease.
True
How do supragingival and subgingival restorations differ in their effects on periodontal tissues?
Supragingival restorations are “kinder” to periodontal tissues than subgingival restorations, which can irritate and complicate oral hygiene around the gums.
What factors might explain the association between socioeconomic status and periodontal disease?
Poor oral hygiene.
Concurrent tobacco smoking.
Limited access to care.
Lower levels of awareness and patient education.
Why is it important to assess plaque levels and local factors during a periodontal examination?
identify conditions that may promote the colonization of pathogenic bacteria, which contribute to periodontal disease.
What is the etiology of periodontal disease?
mixed infections associated with specific groups of bacteria.
How is the presence of calculus related to periodontal health?
Populations with a high prevalence and extent of dental calculus tend to have a higher prevalence of attachment loss.
What is a “plunger cusp”?
over-erupted cusp that lies directly over an interproximal contact, causing food impaction.
What is often associated with open interproximal contacts?
associated with a “plunger cusp,” which can push food into the interproximal space, exacerbating plaque buildup and irritation.
How does correcting faulty dental restorations impact periodontal health?
helps reduce plaque retention and irritation, leading to better tissue health.
How do open interproximal contacts affect periodontal health?
can lead to food impaction, which is significantly related to advanced pocket depth and periodontal disease.
Increased plaque retention and pocket depths associated with?
Poorly contoured restorations
Fractured teeth
Root concavities
Palato-radicular groove
Furcations
Enamel pearls
How does gingival form affect plaque removal?
An irregular or improper gingival form can impede effective plaque removal, needs a gingivectomy
How do caries near the gingival margin affect periodontal health?
impede effective oral hygiene practices and “hold” biofilm near the gum line, which negatively impacts the periodontium
How does root proximity affect periodontal health?
When roots are in close proximity, there may be little to no bone between the roots of adjacent teeth, increasing the risk of periodontal issues.
What are some other local factors that can affect periodontal health?
Root proximity
Occlusion
Impacted third molars
Endo-perio lesions
Is there an increased correlation between narrower interproximal distances and the development of periodontal pockets? (Heins and Wieder 1986)
Yes
How does impacted third molar extraction affect periodontal healing?
impaired after impacted third molar extraction in patients aged 30 or older, especially when complications such as smoking or a widened follicle are present.
What is a perio-endo lesion?
associated with a necrotic pulp, where both periodontal and endodontic components coincide.
What are the clinical findings of a perio-endo lesion?
Pain.
Negative pulpal tests.
Narrow, deep probing depth.
Tooth mobility.
Furcation involvement.
Radiographic bone loss with a “J” shaped lesion.
