Periodontal Disease Flashcards
Periodontal disease is a collective term meaning:
Plaque-induced inflammation of periodontium
What 4 main parts does the Periodontium consist of?
Gingiva, Cementum, Periodontal ligaments, Alveolar Bone
Describe the etiology of periodontal disease
Glycoprotein from saliva forms within 20 mins on tooth. Bacteria adhere to this and begin to colonise within 6 hours, forming plaque. Plaque absorbs calcium from saliva and becomes calcified - forming calculus.
What is the primary cause of gingivitis and periodontitis?
Accumulation of dental plaque on tooth
Dental plaque is a biofilm composed of:
Bacteria and their byproducts, saliva components, oral debris, epithelial and inflammatory cells
True or false: There is no massive bacterial invasion of gingival tissue. Explain.
True. Bacteria localized to the hard surface of tooth. It is the host’s response to the plaque bacteria that causes tissue damage.
The healthy gingival flora is made up of mostly what type of bacteria?
Gram-positive Aerobic
When periodontal disease begins progressing, what type of bacteria is introduced?
Gram negative Aerobic
Some patient responses to disease that may occur:
Loose gingiva, pocket formation, bone loss, recession of gingiva, mobility
How do pockets form?
Inflammation causes destruction of the coronal part of the periodontal ligament
What are the normal pocket depths for cats and dogs?
Cats: 1
Dogs: 1-2
True or false: Gingivitis is irreversible
False
Describe the levels of Gingivitis from Score 0-3
0- normal
1- no bleeding, slight swelling
2- bleeds on probing
3- bleeds spontaneously
What is PPD?
Periodontal probing depth (pocket depth)
What is PAL?
Periodontal attachment level (periodontal index)
