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Fifa - Surgery > Periodontal Disease > Flashcards

Periodontal Disease Flashcards

1
Q

What is the most common oral disease and #1 cause of tooth loss ?

A

Periodontal disease

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2
Q

Can you treat periodontal disease?

A

NO ! You can only prevent it!

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3
Q

Periodontitis is a site specific disease, which commonly waxes and wanes and is painful (even if patient appears asymptomatic).

A

Memorize that

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4
Q

Periodontal dz can cause what kind of dzs? Name three

A

Chronic nephritis
Hepatopathies
Endocarditis

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5
Q

Which feline viral disease exacerbates periodontal disease?

A

Calicivirus

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6
Q

What is an acquired pellicle ?

A

It is a thin layer of salivary proteins on the surface of the tooth to which bacteria attaches - forms very quickly

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7
Q

What is calculus ?

A

Mineralized plaque containing bacteria which release endotoxins that cause gingivitis

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8
Q

What is plaque ?

A

It is a combination of bacteria, food, debris, oral epithelial cells and mucin

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9
Q

What type of bacteria inhabit plaqie

A

Bacteria - initially gram positive, aerobic and non-motile cocci

later gram negative, motile and anaerobic rods and spirochetes

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10
Q

GINGIVITIS is REVERSIBLE

A

FACT

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11
Q

PERIODONTITIS is IRREVERSIBLE but CONTROLLABLE

A

FACT

  • causes gingival recession
  • destruction of the periodontal ligament
  • bone loss
  • mobility
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12
Q

What are the 4 criterias to determine the stage of periodontal disease?

A
  • gingival appearance
  • sulcular depth
  • percentage of bone loss
  • tooth mobility
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13
Q

What is the minimal sulcular depth in dogs ?

A

1-3mm

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14
Q

What is the minimal sulcular depth in cats ?

A

0-1mm

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15
Q

Describe Stage I - Gingivitis

A
  • erythema
  • gums bleed when probed
  • loss of stipling
  • normal sulcus depth
  • REVERSIBLE with proper treatment and home care
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16
Q

Describe Stage II - Early periodontitis

A
  • Minor pockets
  • Normal to hyperplastic gingiva
  • Minimal bone loss
  • Usually no mobility
  • PERIODONTITIS - can be controlled but NOT completely reversed
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17
Q

Describe Stage III - Moderate Periodontitis

A
  • gingival hyperplasia +/- recession
  • moderate - deep pocket formation
  • 25-50% bone loss
  • slight to moderate mobility
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18
Q

Describe a Stage IV - Advanced Periodontitis

A
  • HORIZONTAL and VERTICAL bone loss
  • PERIAPICAL LUCENCY
  • Deep pocket depth
  • Furcation is exposed and there is >50% tooth loss
  • Advanced tooth mobility
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19
Q

What is the objective of treating periodontal disease?

A
  • remove the biofilm
  • minimize attachment loss and pocket depth
  • Maintain adequate attached gingiva (2-3mm)
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20
Q

What is the #1 preventative method for decreasing periodontal dz?

A

Surface Active Agents Mechanical Abrasion

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21
Q

Always check with the owner to see if they would be willing to clean the dog’s teeth at home, if they cannot, then its better to extract the teeth.

A

-

22
Q

Dental diets and dental hygiene help prevent accumulation of plaque and tartar BUT have NOT been shown to be an effective treatment for periodontitis.

A

FACT

23
Q

Name me the 4 systemic antibiotics that are used for periodontal diisease

A
  1. Clindamycin
  2. Clavamox
  3. Metronidazole
  4. Doxycycline
24
Q

Name me a local antibiotic therapy

A

Doxirobe gel - only used for dogs (3-6 weeks)

Clindoral (Dogs and Cats - last 7-10 days)

25
Q

What type of scaler should you use ?

A

Ultrasonic scaler

26
Q

What type of scaler should you NOT use/ NOT recommended ?

A

Sonic

27
Q

What should be in your basic dental pack (4 items)

A
  • scaler
  • currette
  • explorer/probe
  • dental mirror
28
Q

Which two instruments in your basic dental pack has to be frequently sharpened ?

A

Scalers and currettes.

29
Q

Describe how you would; use a scaler on a tooth?

A
  • Never use the sharp tip below the gingival margin

and work away from the sulcus (towards the crown)

30
Q

Describe how you would; use a scaler on a tooth?

A
  • Never use the sharp tip below the gingival margin
    and work away from the sulcus (towards the crown)
  • Used for HEAVY / THICK SUPRAGINGIVAL calculus deposits
31
Q

How many cutting surface does a currette have?

A

1

32
Q

What is a currette used for?

A

It is used for supra or subgingival calculus removal and root cleaning.

More delicate than a scaler p

33
Q

What is the difference between a probe and an explorer?

A

Probe is used to measure sulcus depth

Explorer is used to assess access into the pulp cavity and assess for caries lesions

34
Q

Which power scale type can cause Iatrogenic damage?

A

Rotosonic

- no longer used

35
Q

What is the greatest disadvantage of the magnetostrictive metal stack

A

It generates more heat and therefore, a water spray is important.

It is also a heavier hand piece.

36
Q

What are the steps of complete dental cleaning

A
  1. Disinfect
  2. Examine / RADIOGRAPH
  3. Gross calculus removal
  4. Subgingival calculus removal
  5. Missed plaque detection
  6. POLISH
  7. Irrigate and flush out sulcus
  8. Periodontal probe - Rad and then flush again
  9. 1/2 sealants
37
Q

How do you disinfect the oral cavity?

A

power spray using a 0.12% Chlorhexidine from the 3 way syringe
- helps reduce odor

38
Q

What are the Stages of the Calculus Index

A 
0 = no supragingival calculus 
1 = covers 1/3 of the crown (mild)
2 = calculus covers 2/3rd of the crown (moderate)
3= calculus covers all the crown (severe)
39
Q

What are the Stages of the Gingivitis index

A

0 = no inflammation
1 = mild inflammation, slight edema
2 = moderate inflammation, edema and bleeding on probing
3 =severe inflammation

40
Q

How do you GROSSLY REMOVE CALCULUS using a hand scale ?

A

Always use the SIDE of the scaler and NOT use it below the gingival margin

41
Q

WHICH is a CRITICAL STEP for COMPLETE DENTAL CLEANING

A

Subgingival calculus removal

  • use both hand currette and ultrasonic scaler
  • Remember heat generated by the ultrasonic scalers can damage teeth
42
Q

What do you use to detect missed calculus ?

A
  1. Disclosing Solution
  2. Air from the 3 way syringe
    - faster less messy and YOU CAN SEE the INSIDE POCKETS
    - residual calculus will appear chalky and white
43
Q

Dental POLISH is an ESSENTIAL STEP. T/F

A

True

44
Q

What is the function of Sulcus irrigation?

A

Flush polish out of the sulcus and leave it clean

45
Q

When probing, where are deep pockets typically found in small dogs?

A

Palatal surface of maxillary canines

  • pockets commonly enter the nasal cavity
  • check the nostrils - blood is present - presence of oronasal fistula
46
Q

What is the function of PERIODONTAL Index

A

= Measures the amount of OVERALL tissue loss

- recession measurement + pocket depth = amount of attachment loss

47
Q

What are the stages of the periodontal index ?

A 
0 = normal gingiva 
1 = gingivitis only with no attachment loss
2 = less than 25% 
3 = 25-50% attachment loss
4 = 50% attachment loss, at this level, undoubtedly, there is some pathologic tooth mobility and it is imminent that the tooth will be lost
48
Q

What are the Stages of furcation exposure ?

A 
0 = no furcation involvement 
1 = incipient - probe can enter to a depth of 1mm only
2 = probe can enter > 1mm - bone loss 
3 = through and through - probe passes horizontally through the furcation
49
Q

What is pathologic mobility?

A

Movement in excess of physiologic mobility = pathologic mobility

50
Q

What are the stages of MOBILITY?

A 
0 = normal 
1 = Mild (0.5-1mm)
2 = Moderate (1-2mm)
3 = Severe (>2mm)
51
Q

What is a barrier sealant for ?

A
  • applied after cleaning is completed

- retard plaque formation

Fifa - Surgery (8 decks)

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