Periodicity Of Elements Flashcards
Any process that results in the formation of an ion.
Ionization
One-half the distance from the nucleus of one atom to the nucleus of an adjacent identical atom in a molecule.
Atomic radius
The energy required to cause a gaseous atom or ion to release an electron.
Ionization energy
The amount of energy involved when an electron is acquired by neutral gaseous atom.
Electron affinity
A symbolic representation of the composition of a compound using elemental symbols and numerical subscripts to show both the kinds of elements that compose the compound and proportion of atoms of each element in the compound.
Chemical formula
The distance at which attraction is greatest and potential energy is least.
Bond length
A covalent bond in which the bonding electrons are shared equally by both atoms.
Non polar covalent bond
A covalent bond in which the bonding electrons are unequally shared by both atoms.
Polar covalent bond
Elements tend to react chemically to form compounds so that each atom, by gaining, losing or sharing electrons, achieves a stable octet in its highest occupied energy level.
Octet rule
All objects within a closed system tend to move toward a state of greater stability but lower potential energy.
Second law of thermodynamics
Any property of an element that increases or decreases in character or intensity as the atomic number increases, either along a period or down a group on the Periodic Table of the Elements.
Periodic function
The measure of the power of an atom in a molecule to attract electrons to itself.
Electonegativity
The energy required to dislodge a second electron from an atom or ion.
Second ionization energy
__________ is generally determined by how easily an atom gives up an electron or by how closely an element resembles _______________.
Metallic character; the physical properties of a metal.
If an atom gains an electron and achieves ___________ stable electron structure, energy is released.
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