Periodicity Flashcards
periodicity is the __ ___ of events or properties
can be ___ and/or ___ properties
regular recurrence
physical, chemical
what are the 5 events of periodicity?
- melting point
- atomic radius
- ionisation energy
- electronegativity
- reactivity with water
what is the atomic radius?
radius of an atom
does atomic radius increase or decrease across a period?
decrease
does atomic radius increase or decrease down a group?
increase
what is the first ionisation energy?
the energy required to remove an electron in a neutral atom
the higher the ionisation energy, the ____ difficult it is to remove the atom
more
which group has the lowest ionisation energy?
group 1
which group has the highest ionisation energy?
noble gases
as atomic radius increases, first ionisation energy _____
decreases
what is electronegativity?
ability of an atom to attract a bonding electron
higher electronegativity, ___ attraction
stronger
atoms that like to bond covalently have ____ electronegativity
higher
when atomic radius increases, electronegativity _____
decreases
when atomic radius decreases, electronegativity ____
increases
which elements have the highest electronegativity?
flourine, oxygen, nitrogen
(respectively: 4.0; 3.5; 3.1)
what groups have the lowest electronegativity?
noble gases
___ group 1 elements react with water
ALL
group 2 elements have a ____ reactivity than group 1
lower
reactivity ____ while going down a group
increases
do any other elements other than group 1 and 2 react with cold water?
no
do some elements react with steam?
yes
how is reactivity with water linked to atomic radius?
As atomic radius increases, the electrostatic attraction decreases, so shells are more willing to give up electrons thus react to water
for METALS chemical reactivity follows the pattern of reactivity with water.. thus group _ and _ are the most reactive, reactivity ___ going across a period and reactivity increases going ___ the group
1,2, decreases, down
for NON METALS
reactivity ____ going across a period
reactivity ___ going down a group
increases, decreases
3 types of element bonding:
ionic, covalent, metallic
