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INORG LECTURE > PERIODIC TABLES AND FAMILIES OF ELEMENTS > Flashcards

PERIODIC TABLES AND FAMILIES OF ELEMENTS Flashcards

1
Q

All Group 0 elements except ______ occur in the atmosphere

A

Radon (Rn)

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2
Q

“Donald duck-like sound”

A

Helium (He)

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3
Q

2nd lightest air

A

Helium (He)

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4
Q

used to prepare synthetic air

A

Helium (He)

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5
Q

advertising purposes

A

Neon (Ne)

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6
Q

most abundant noble gas

A

Argon (Ar)

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7
Q

*substitute to nitrogen as an inert atmosphere for pharmaceutics
*by-product of the fractionalization of liquid air for the prodxn of O2 and N2

A

Argon (Ar)

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8
Q

investigated for possible use as anesthetics

A

Krypton (Kr) and Xenon (Xe)

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9
Q

comprises the most reactive of all the metallic elements

A

Group 1A

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10
Q

cation of the EXTRACELLULAR fluids

A

Sodium (Na)

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11
Q

*cation of the INTRACELLULAR fluids
* diuretic effects

A

Potassium (K)

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12
Q
  • cation of choice to optimize the
    pharmaceutical utility of organic medicaments
  • used with caution in the tx of
    cardiac & renal condition in w/c edema is a problem
A

Sodium (Na)

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13
Q

promotes the retention of H2O

A

Sodium (Na)

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14
Q

similar in behavior to K

A

Rubidium (Rb)

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15
Q

no pharmaceutical significance

A

Rubidium (Rb) and Cesium (Cs)

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16
Q
  • Bridge element
  • resembles Mg, to some extent Ca, more closely than Na
A

Lithium (Li)

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17
Q

for mania

A

Lithium (Li)

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18
Q

salts show a striking resemblance to K & Rb salts (isomorphous)

A

ammonia and ammonium compounds

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19
Q

central depressant

A

ammonium bromide

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20
Q

expectorant (nh4 nh3 compounds)

A

chloride

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21
Q

expectorant

A

carbonate

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22
Q
  • household ammonia
  • contains 10% NH₃
A

16° ammonia (degrees Baumé)

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23
Q
  • occur free in the metallic state
  • easy to recover from ores
  • very malleable
  • coinage metals
A

GROUP 1B

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24
Q

• toxic
• essential trace element
• small quantity enhance the physiological utilization of Fe

A

Copper (Cu)

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25
Q

oligodynamic axn

A

Silver (Ag)

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26
Q

basis for Fehling’s & Benedict’s soln, the classic test solns for reducing sugars

A

CuSO₄

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27
Q

occurs in the respiratory pigment hemocyanin

A

Copper (Cu)

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28
Q

Fungicides, insecticides, algaeci

A

Copper (Cu)

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29
Q

provide local germicidal axn

A

Ag

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30
Q

ability of Ag ion to ppt CHON & Cl- in the
affected tissue

A

AgNO₃

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31
Q

topically as germicide

A

Ag sulfadiazine

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32
Q

cast into sticks & used as a styptic

A

Toughened AgNO₃

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33
Q

ophthalmology

A

Mild Ag CHON

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34
Q

• autoxidation
• tx of lupus erythematosus & rheumatoid arthritis

A

Au (Gold)

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35
Q

antidote for Au toxicity

A

Dimercaprol (BAL)

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36
Q

alkaline earth group

A

Group IIA

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37
Q

bridge element, resembles Al

A

Beryllium (Be)

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38
Q

2nd most plentiful cation inside the cell & natural Ca blocker

A

Magnesium (Mg)

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39
Q

• Gastric antacids (compounds)
• Cathartics (OH & SO₄)
• Anticonvulsant (SO₄)
• Anti-inflammatory (conc. solns)
• Lubricants (stearate)

A

Magnesium (Mg)

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40
Q

antidote for Mg poisoning

A

Ca gluconate

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41
Q

cation of hydroxyapatite (the major constituent, 98%, of the bones & teeth)

A

Calcium (Ca)

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42
Q

most active of Group IIA

A

Barium (Ba)

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43
Q

antidote for Ba ingestion

A

Epsom Salt (MgSO₄)

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44
Q

only medical use

A

BaSO₄

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45
Q

GROUP IIB elements

A

Zinc (Zn), Cd (Cadmium), Mercury (Hg)

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46
Q

emetic

A

Strong ZnSO₄

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47
Q

Essential component of carbonic anhydrase & many other enzymes

A

Zinc (Zn)

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48
Q

antidote (Zinc)

A

NaHCO₃ (baking soda)

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49
Q

tx of seborrheic dermatitis

A

Cadmium (Cd)

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50
Q

caused by drinking H₂O contaminated with Cd

A

Itai-itai disease

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51
Q

lowest melting point among metals

A

Mercury (Hg)

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52
Q

best antidote for Hg poisoning,
particularly the bichloride

A

Sodium formaldehyde sulfoxylate NF

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53
Q

used in emergency, if discovered shortly after ingestion

A

Egg albumen

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54
Q

• +3 oxidation state

A

Group IIIA

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55
Q

double salts

A

Alums

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56
Q

bridge element, resembles silicon

A

Boron (B)

57
Q

have no germicidal act, feebly bacteriostatic

A

boric acid & borates

58
Q

most abundant of the metals

A

Aluminum (Al)

59
Q

3rd most abundant element

A

Aluminum (Al)

60
Q

Gastric antacids, antiperspirant, deodorants

A

Aluminum (Al)

61
Q

used as adsorbent and demulcent

A

Kaolin

62
Q

useful as a suspending agent

A

Bentonite

63
Q

most toxic, similar to arsenics

A

Thallium (TI)

64
Q

except for Hg, has the lowest melting point of the metals

A

Gallium (Ga)

65
Q

appears in transferring, an iron transport CHON, & appears to be useful in treating cancer related hypercalcemia

A

Gallium (Ga)

66
Q

• +4 oxidation state

A

Elements of Group IV

67
Q

Oxides of C & Si are ____

A

acidic

68
Q

produced in various forms, such as coke, lampblack, or charcoal

A

Carbon (C)

69
Q

are prepared from ligneous mat’l by carbonization in the absence of air, followed by heat &/or chem’l tx to ↑ surface area and porosity

A

Activated Charcoal

70
Q
  • use in liquid media
  • official use in USP is bx of diarrhea
A

finely powdered

71
Q

gas absorption

A

coarse, hard, porous particles

72
Q

effective respiratory stimulant toxicity due to suffocation

A

CO₂

73
Q

toxicity due to interaxn with hemoglobin

A

CO

74
Q

gastric antacid (Carbon)

A

NaHCO₃

75
Q

source of K ion in electrolyte replenishers

A

KHCO₃

76
Q

effective reflex stimulant & expectorant

A

(NH4)₂CO₃

77
Q

most abundant element on earth

A

Silicon (Si)

78
Q

used as mild abrasives

A

siliceous earth (diatomaceous earth, Fuller’s earth, Kieselguhr, celite)

79
Q

lung condition resembling TB develops after long exposure to respirable dust (silica particles)

A

silicosis

80
Q

pulmonary condition similar to silicosis

A

asbestosis

81
Q

has adsorptive properties similar to kaolin

A

attapulgite

82
Q

3 clay minerals

A

montmorillonites (bentonite)
kaolins
illites

83
Q
  • softest mineral known
  • used as dusting powders, lubricant, filter aid
A

talc

84
Q

swelling clays, suspending agents

A

bentonite

85
Q

most common rock

A

feldspars

86
Q
  • porous rock of volcanic origin
  • used as dental abrasive
A

pumice

87
Q

generic term used to identify vitreous silicate mat’l prepared by fusing a
base, such as Na₂CO₃ & CaCO₃, with pure silica

A

Glass

88
Q

mask the blue-green color of the Iron usually present in silica

A

MnO₂

89
Q

reduce the coefficient of expansion

A

Borates

90
Q

give a brown & light resistant glass

A

K ion

91
Q

• most metallic element of the group
• no longer used bec. it is a cumulative poison

A

Lead (Pb)

92
Q

powerful reducing agents

A

Ti (Titanium)

93
Q

solar ray protective

A

TiO₂

94
Q

consequence of its high refractive Index

A

white pigment

95
Q

as hydrous oxide or carbonate- used as a lotion or cream for contact dermatitis

A

Zr (Zirconium)

96
Q

Zr compounds → antiperspirant

A

alum

97
Q

oxides of N&P are _____. As & Sb are ____, Bi is ____

A

-acidic
-amphoteric
-basic

98
Q

• 78% in atmosphere
• Prepared primarily by the fractional distillation of liquid air

A

Nitrogen (N)

99
Q

Inhalational anesthetic

A

Nitrous oxide

100
Q

laughing gas

A

nitrous oxide

101
Q

antidote for cyanide poisoning

A

sodium nitrite

102
Q

causes vasodilation

A

Nitric oxide

103
Q

potassium arsenite soln

A

Fowler’s soln

104
Q

oral antidote (As)

A

Mg(OH), & iron (III)

105
Q

antidote (arsenic)

A

Dimercaprol by IM

106
Q

tx of schistosomiasis

A

Antimony (Sb)

107
Q

tx of peptic ulcer

A

Colloidal bismuth subcitrate

108
Q

unaffected by body fluids, used in sheet form for surgical repair of bones

A

Tantalum (Ta)

109
Q

• chalcogens
• lower oxi state-basic
• higher oxi state - acidic

A

Elements of Group VI

110
Q

low oxi state

A

basic

111
Q

high oxi state

A

acidic

112
Q

Tx of hypoxia

A

oxygen (o)

113
Q

powerful oxidant

A

3% H₂O₂ - 10 volumes

114
Q

common bleach for hair

A

6% H₂O2₂ - 20 volumes

115
Q

fungicidal (sulfur)

A

elemental S

116
Q

cathartic (S)

A

sublimed S

117
Q

scabicide

A

precipitated S

118
Q

used in the tx of psoriasis

A

sulfurated potash

119
Q

prepared by adding freshly prepared, filtered, sulfurated potash soln to ZnSO₄ soln

A

White lotion USP

120
Q

2.5% suspension in the topical tx of seborrheic dermatitis (dandruff)

A

selenium sulfide

121
Q

antioxidant (sulfur)

A

sodium metabisulfite

122
Q

antidote for cyanide poisoning

A

sodium thiosulfate

123
Q

halogens

A

Elements of Group VII

124
Q

• most electronegative element
• strongest oxidizing agent
• essential element present in the teeth and bones

A

Fluorine (F)

125
Q

sole Ingr in physiological salt soln

A

NaCl

126
Q

expectorant & systemic acidifying agent

A

NH₄CI

127
Q

• dark reddish brown fuming liquid with a suffocating odor
• powerful caustic & germicide

A

Bromine (Br)

128
Q

if in contact with skin wash immediately w/ a soln of NAHCO₃ & treated with
glycerin

A

Bromine (Br)

129
Q

CNS depressant

A

Bromide

130
Q

effective antimicrobial

A

Iodine (I)

131
Q

enhance the solubility of iodine

A

KI or NaI

132
Q

expectorant

A

Iodide

133
Q

effective chem’l antidote

A

cornstarch & sodium thiosulfate

134
Q

from the Greek word “technetos” meaning _____

A

artificial

135
Q

1st element produced artificially

A

Technetium (Tc)

136
Q

consist of 3 elements (triads)

A

Elements of Group VIII

137
Q

first triad

A

Fe (Iron)
Co (Cobalt)
Ni (Nickel)

138
Q

second triad

A

Ru (Ruthenium)
Rh (Rhodium)
Pd (Palladium)

139
Q

third triad

A

Os (Osmium)
Ir (Iridium)
Pt (Platinum)

INORG LECTURE (3 decks)

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