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chemisty > periodic table (til pg 14) > Flashcards

periodic table (til pg 14) Flashcards

1
Q

periodic table has simplified study of chem cus properties of the elements vary according to some _______ __________ & if those ___________ r known, u need to know position of element in periodic table & predict its chem & physical properties

A

fixed patters, patterns

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2
Q

periodic table is arrangements of elements in order of _____________ __________ (_________) no.

A

increasing atomic (proton)

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3
Q

periodicity is _______/ ____________ ____________ in __________ & ____________ properties of elements & its _____________ when elements arranged in _____________ __________ no.

A

trend/ recurring variations, physical, chemical, compounds, increasing atomic

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4
Q

GROUP is the ____________ ___________ of elements

A

vertical columns

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5
Q

elements in same grp have
1. _______ no. of ___________ ______________
2. _______ ____________ _________________ ___________________
3. ___________ ______________ properties

A
  • same, valence electrons
  • same valence electronic configuration
  • similar chemical
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6
Q

PERIOD is the _____________ _______ of elements

A

horizontal rows

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7
Q

period no. = no. of

A

principal quantum shells (electron shells)

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8
Q

elements in same period have ________ no. of _____________ __________ ________ (eg all elements in period 3 has ___ electron shells)

A

same, principal quantum shells, 3

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9
Q

valence electronic config of s-block
grp 1-
grp 2-

A
  • ns1
  • ns2
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10
Q

valence electronic config of p-block
grp 13-
:
:
grp 18

A
  • ns2 np1
  • ns2 np6 (except Helium)
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11
Q

electronic config of He

A

1s2

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12
Q

grp __, ___ & ____r metals –> tend to _______ electrons to form ___________ ions

A

1,2,13, lose, positive

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13
Q

grp 14 elements r ___________ –> have _________ tendency to form ions, rather they share electrons & form ____________ bonds

A

metalloids, lesser, covalent

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14
Q

grp ___, ____ & ____ r non-metals that ______ electrons to form _____________ ions

A

15,16,17, gain, negative

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15
Q

grp 18 elements hav _________ _______________ ____________________ –> generally ________ react to form compounds

A

stable electronic configuration, don’t

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16
Q

no. of valence electrons =

A

grp no. (‘cept He)

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17
Q

charge of ion formed
grp 1:
:
grp 13:
grp 14:
grp 15:
:
grp 17:
grp 18:

A

1+
3+
4+ or 4- (equally hard to lose/gain)
3-
1-
nil (don’t form compounds)

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18
Q

in period 2,
grp ____: metallic character
grp ____: metalloid character
grp ____: non-metallic character

A

1-2
13
14-18

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19
Q

in period 3,
grp ___: metallic character
grp ___: metalloid character
grp ___: non-metallic character

A

1-3
14
15-18

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20
Q

general trend of metallic –> non-metallic across period: nature of elements changes from _______________________ across each period

A

metallic to non-metallic

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21
Q

metalloids: elements with properties _______________ between those of typical _________ & ______________

A

intermediate, metal, non-metal

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22
Q

metalloids can be found in periodic table along

A

stair-step line that separates metals from non-metals

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23
Q

Si and Ge (germanium) r _____________ used in ___________________ ______________

A

metalloids, semi-conductor industry

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24
Q

due to changes from _____________________ across period, there’s change in _____________ properties of the __________ of the elements

A

metal –> non-metal, chemical, oxides

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25
Q

grp ______ oxides: basic
grp ______ oxides: amphoteric
grp ______ oxides: acidic

A

1-2
13
14-16

26
Q

egs of amphoteric oxides:

A

aluminium oxide, lead (II) oxide & zinc oxide

27
Q

s-block elements: grp _____ (includes ___ & ____)

A

1&2, H, He

28
Q

d-block

A

transition elements

29
Q

p-block elements: grp ______

A

13-18

30
Q

transition metal: element that forms __/_____ _______ ions which have ________________ filled __ orbitals

A

1/more, stable, incompletely, d

31
Q

typical transition elements r _______ having _______ melting pt, ______ density, variable oxidation state & usually form ____________ compounds

A

metals, high, high, coloured

32
Q

grp 1 elements called ________ _______
as they’re all ________ and they react with ________ to form ___________ solutions (containing _____ ions)

A

alkali metals, metals, water, alkaline, OH-

33
Q

grp 1 metals have ___ valence electron, which they ______ to form ions of ____ charge

A

1, lose, 1+

34
Q

PHYSICAL properties of grp 1 elements: melting & boiling pts ___________ down grp cus melting & boiling involve overcoming ________ _______________ forces of _____________ between ________ & ____ of _______________ ____________. down grp, __________ _______ ______________, resulting in _________ metallic bonding which needs _______ energy to overcome

A

decrease, strong electrostatic, attraction, cations, sea, delocalised electrons
metallic radius increases, weaker, less

35
Q

PHYSICAL properties of grp 1 elements:
density of grp 1 _______ than those of other metals
densities of elements ____________ down grp

A

lower
increase

36
Q

PHYSICAL properties of grp 1 elements: grp 1 metals r ______, ________ _______ & r ______ (can be cut with a knife)
when freshly cut, they show ________ & _________ surface which ____________ rapidly in ____

A

shiny, silvery solids, soft
shiny, silvery, tarnishes, air

37
Q

PHYSICAL properties of grp 1 elements:
they react _________ with __________ & ________ hence they gotta be stored under _____ to protect them from moisture

A

rapidly, oxygen, water, oil

38
Q

CHEMICAL properties of grp 1 elements:
grp 1elements react vigorously with _____ _______ to produce ________________ ______ & an ____________ solution of ________ _____________

A

cold water, hydrogen gas, alkaline, metal hydroxide

39
Q

CHEMICAL properties of grp 1 elements: metal + water –>

A

hydrogen + metal hydroxide

40
Q

CHEMICAL properties of grp 1 elements:
trend is grp 1 elements become _______ ___________ _______ the group (least reactive: ____, most reactive: ____)

A

more reactive down, Li, Fr

41
Q

CHEMICAL properties of grp 1 elements:
grp 1 elements _______ reactive down grp cus _________ ________ of metals ______________ down grp so ____________ ______________ r __________ away from nucleus & ______ ___________ ______________ to nucleus r _______ easily ______

A

more, metallic radius, increases, valence electrons, further, less strongly attracted, more, lost

42
Q

CHEMICAL properties of grp 1 elements:
lithium reacts __________ with water, sodium reacts ____________ with water, potassium reacts ____________ with water

A

slowly, vigorously, violently

43
Q

grp 17 elements r called ___________ cus they react with most ________ to form ______

A

halogens, metals, salts

44
Q

halogens (grp ___) r very __________ ________________

A

17, reactive non-metals

45
Q

halogens (grp ___) exist as __________ _____________

A

17, diatomic molecules

46
Q

halogens r ___________ & hav ________ ______________ _____________ with ____________ bonds between ________ & ________ ____________________ __________ of attractions between ______________

A

non-polar, simple molecular structures, covalent, atoms, weak intermolecular forces, molecules

47
Q

halide ions all have a ___ charge

A

1-

48
Q

PHYSICAL properties of grp 17 elements
they have _____ boiling & melting pts due to ________ amt of energy needed to ____________ the _______ ___________________ __________ of attractions between _____________

A

low, small, overcome, weak intermolecular forces, molecules

48
Q

PHYSICAL properties of grp 17 elements
trend: boiling & melting pts ____________ down grp as
- size of ___________ _______ _______________ –> __________ extent of polarisation (uneven distribution of electrons around an atom/molecule) of electron cloud
- __________ & more _____________ ____________________ forces of __________________ between _____________ which need ___________ amt of energy to overcome

A
  • increase
  • electron cloud increases, greater
  • stronger, extensive, intermolecular, attraction, molecules, greater
49
Q

PHYSICAL properties of grp 17 elements
___________ _____________ increases down grp (Cl is ________________, Br is
__________________ & I is _________________)

A

colour intensity, greenish-yellow gas, reddish-brown liquid, shiny black solid

50
Q

volatility:

A

ease of conversion from liquid to gas

51
Q

lower the boiling pt, _________ the volatility

A

higher

52
Q

PHYSICAL properties of grp 17 elements
trend: volatility of halogens ______________ down grp cus boiling pt ______________ down grp

A

decreases, increases

53
Q

PHYSICAL properties of grp 17 elements
trend: colour intensity of halogens ____________ down grp
for eg,
F is also a _____ (since it’s above Cl & Cl is a ____)
elements under I (eg astatine) also a _______ ______ (cus I is _______ ______)

A
  • increases
  • gas, gas
  • black solid, black solid
54
Q

PHYSICAL properties of grp 17 elements
colour of Cl gas:
colour of Cl liquid:
colour of Cl solid:
colour of Cl aq solution:
colour of Cl in organic solvents:

A
  • greenish yellow
  • greenish yellow
  • nil
  • pale yellow
  • pale yellow
55
Q

PHYSICAL properties of grp 17 elements
colour of Br gas:
colour of Br liquid:
colour of Br solid:
colour of Br aq solution:
colour of Br in organic solvents:

A
  • reddish brown
  • reddish brown
  • nil
  • orange
    -orangey red
56
Q

PHYSICAL properties of grp 17 elements
colour of I gas:
colour of I liquid:
colour of I solid:
colour of I aq solution:
colour of I in organic solvents:

A
  • purple
  • nil
  • black
  • brown
  • purple
57
Q

displacement reactions:

A

more reactive halogens, X2 (higher up in grp) can displace the halides, X- (lower down in grp) to form an acqueous solution of their salts

58
Q

displacement reactions: basically in grp 17, if the halogen is _________ than the aq halide, it can ___________ the aq halide (halogen goes from charge ___ to ____ & aq halide goes from charge ___ to___)

A

higher, oxidise, 0, 1-, 1-, 0

59
Q

displacement reactions: if halogen added is _______ than aqueous halide, there’ll be _________________

A

lower, no reaction

60
Q

volatile: likely to be

A

a gas

61
Q

not volatile at all: means have a very _______boiling pt –> a __________

A

high, solid

chemisty (6 decks)

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