atomic struc Flashcards
Atoms are made up of _____, _____, and _____.
protons, neutrons, electrons
protons and neutrons are found in
nucleus of atom
Electrons are located in
orbitals
relative mass of a proton
1
relative mass of neutron
1
Relative mass of an electron
1/1840
relative charge of proton
+1
relative charge of neutron
0 (neutral)
relative charge of electron
-1
deflection of proton in electric field
towards neg electrode
deflection of neutron in electric field
not deflected
deflection of electron in electric field
towards pos electrode
angle of deflection formula
charge/mass
this is a gd solution
angle of deflection = k(charge/mass), where k is proportionality constant
express angle of deflection to ___ dp
1
when drawing paths of deflection, deflections only starts from
start of electric field
atomic no. is
no. of protons
mass no. is
total no. of proton + neutron
nucleon no. is
no. of protons and neutrons
isotopes are ________ of the ________ _______________ which contain the ___________ number of ____________ but _________ no. of __________
atoms, same element, same, protons, diff, neutrons
isotopes of the same element have __________ chemical properties but ______________ physical properties
similar, different
isotopes are
atoms of the same element which contain the same no. of protons but diff. no. of neutrons
electrons in atom occupy specific region of space arnd nucleus known as an
orbital
arrangement of electrons in orbitals is called
electronic structure
each principal quantum shell (electronic shell) is assigned a
principal quantum no. n
smaller value of n, _________ ___________ the electron bound to nucleus (bc electron________________ to proton)
more strongly, attracted
smaller value of n, ________ the energy level of electron
lower
eg: principal quantum shell n=1 is _______ __________ attracted to nucleus & has the ________ energy
most strongly, least
each principal quantum shell is made up of 1/more subshells, that can be labelled as __,__,___ or ___
s p d f
subshell is a ___________________with the _______ energy but _______ orientation in space
grp of orbitals, same, diff
subshell s has ___________________
1 orbital (s orbital)
subshell p has __________________
3 orbitals (px, py, pz)
order of energy levels for subshells is___<____<____<____
s, p, d, f
atomic orbitals def: a __________ of ________round the nucleus where there’s 95% probability of ______________________
region, space, locating the electron
atomic orbitals def:
a region of space round the nucleus where there’s 95% probability of locating the electron
each orbital can hold max ___ electrons
2
s orbitals are ____________ in shape & _______________________
spherical, non-directional
size of 1s orbital___ 2s orbital___3s orbital
<, <
p orbitals has __ types, have _______________ shape & are ______________
3, dumb-bell, directional
size of 2p orbital___3p orbital
<
nearer orbital to nucleus, __________ its energy
lower
in same principal quantum no., distance of orbital from nucleus is __>___>___, so energy of ___>____>___
d, p, s
energy level of 2px___2py___2pz
=
in energy level diagram, energy gap between 1s & 2s is __________ than energy gap between 2s & 3s
greater
in energy level diagram, energy level of 4s is ________ than 3d orbital when they are empty
lower
electronic configuration refers to
arrangement of electrons of its atoms in their shells, subshells & orbitals
aufbau principle: electrons occupy _________ energy orbital ________ b4 occupying the ___________ energy orbitals. order of filling in orbitals: _______________________________________________________
lowest, first, higher, 1s 2s 2p 3s 3p 4s 3d 4p
Pauli’s exclusion principle: each orbital can hold max _____ electrons & the ____ electrons have to be in _____________ spins (https://chemistrytalk.org/pauli-exclusion-principle)
2, 2, opposite
Hund’s Rule: orbitals must be occupied ____________ b4 ____________ occurs to ensure electrons are as ______ apart as possible to ________________ electronic repulsion
singly, pairing, far, minimise
if all rules r followed, resultant arrangement of electrons known as
ground state electronic configuration (lowest energy state)
when 1/more electrons absorb energy & r promoted to higher energy level, atom is to be in an
excited state
Isoelectronic def: atoms/ions with __________ electronic config.(same no. of electrons)
same
Isoelectronic def: _____/______ with _______________________________________
atoms/ions, same electronic configuration
Grp: _____________ columns of elements in periodic table
vertical
elements in same grp have the ___________ no. of valence electrons–> ________ electronic config.–> _________ chem properties
same, same, similar
elements of same grp have _______no. of principal quantum shells
diff
period is ________________ rows of elements
horizontal
period no.___no. of principal quantum shells
=
elements in same period have ________________ of principal quantum shells
same no.
elements of same period have _________ no. of valence electrons
diff
