Periodic Table Groups

Question 1

what do you call the metals in Group 1?

Answer 1

alkali metals

Question 2

what are some properties of alkali metals?

Answer 2

are soft - can be cut with a knife
have relatively low melting points

Question 3

what are the products of an alkali metal and water reaction?

Answer 3

metal hydroxide and hydrogen

Question 4

how does reactivity change as you go down the alkali metals group and why?

Answer 4

as you go down the group the reactivity increases. this is because it is easier to give the outer electron away and react because the larger the atom the further away the outer electron will be from the nucleus (weaker electrostatic forces of attraction) which makes it easier to give away and react

Question 5

what is the density like in alkali metals?

Answer 5

they float in water

Question 6

why are alkali metals stored in oil?

Answer 6

to keep air and water away, prevent oxidisation

Question 7

give the first 3 alkali metals and how they react with water (visual signs)

Answer 7

lithium - fizzes steadily
sodium - melts into a ball from heat
potassium - gives off sparks and burns with a lilac flame

Question 8

what do you call the elements in group 7?

Answer 8

halogens

Question 9

give the names of the first four halogens, their state at room temperature and their colour

Answer 9

fluorine - gas - pale yellow
chlorine - gas - yellow/green
bromine - liquid - red/brown
iodine - solid - dark/grey

Question 10

why do melting points increase when going down the alkaline group

Answer 10

The weak intermolecular forces get stronger which means more energy is needed to break the bonds

Question 11

what is the test for chlorine?

Answer 11

damp blue litmus paper turns red

Question 12

how does reactivity change as you go down group 7 - halogens?

Answer 12

the reactivity decreases this is because as you go down the group
- the outer shell gets further away
- there is more shielding by the inner electrons
- the force of attraction between the nucleus and the outer shell
gets weaker
- which makes it harder for it to react and attract an electron

Question 13

what do hydrogens and halogens react to make?

Answer 13

halides

Question 14

what is a displacement reaction?

Answer 14

when a more reactive element displaces/replaces a less reactive one

Question 15

halogen displacement reaction are R_____ reactions, Why

Answer 15

redox
- as the more reactive halogen gains electrons
- while the less reactive one loses electrons

Question 16

what do you call the elements in group 0

Answer 16

noble gases

Question 17

why are noble gases inert?

Answer 17

they have full outer shells so they have no tendency to react and lose, gain or share electrons

Question 18

what is the use of helium and why is it used?

Answer 18

they are used as a lifting gas in party balloons and airships.
- helium is less dense than air so it will rise
- it is non-flammable so it will not ignite

Question 19

what are the uses of argon, krypton and xenon and why are they used?

Answer 19

filling gas in filament lamps
- the inert gas stops the metal filament in the lamp from burning away

Question 20

what is the use of argon and why is it used?

Answer 20

shield gas during welding
- denser than air so will keep air away from metal
- inert so will not oxidise the metal