periodic table & bonding

Question 1

how many electrons can fill the 1st shell

Answer 1

2

Question 2

how many electrons can fill the 2nd shell

Answer 2

8

Question 3

how many electrons can fill the 3rd shell

Answer 3

8

Question 4

group 0 elements are inert, what does this mean

Answer 4

they dont react with much at all

Question 5

how do ions form

Answer 5

when an atom loses or gains an electron

Question 6

when are negative ions formed

Answer 6

when an atom gains an electron

Question 7

when are positive ions formed

Answer 7

when an atom loses an electron

Question 8

how are ionic compounds formed

Answer 8

-when a metal and a non metal react together
-the metal forms a positive ion and the non metal forms a negative ion
-the electrostatic attraction between oppositely charged ions forms an ionic bond

Question 9

what is the structure of an ionic compound

Answer 9

giant ionic structure

Question 10

in ionic compounds, how are ions held together

Answer 10

in a 3d lattice arrangement

Question 11

why do ionic compounds have high melting and boiling points

Answer 11

-a lot of energy is needs to overcome the strong attraction between oppositely charged ions

Question 12

what are the properties of ionic compounds

Answer 12

-not electrical conductors when solid
-conduct electricity if melted or dissolved in water

Question 13

what is covalent bonding

Answer 13

where atoms bond by sharing pairs of electrons

Question 14

what does each covalent bond provide

Answer 14

one extra shared electron

Question 15

describe the electrostatic attraction in covalent bonding

Answer 15

it is between negatively charged shared electrons and positively charged nuclei

Question 16

describe the bonds in a simple molecular substance

Answer 16

-the atoms are held together by strong covalent bonds
-the forces of attraction between the molecules are very weak
-so melting and boiling points are low

Question 17

describe the bonds in a giant covalent structure

Answer 17

-all atoms are bonded by strong covalent bonds
-there are lots of these bonds meaning a lot of energy is needed to break them
-so giant covalent structures have high melting and boiling points

Question 18

what are the properties of giant covalent structures

Answer 18

-dont conduct electricity
-insoluble in water
-e.g diamond and graphite

Question 19

what is electric current

Answer 19

flow of electrons or ions

Question 20

when do ionic compounds conduct electricity

Answer 20

when molten or in solution

Question 21

what happens to the conductivity of ionic compounds when they melt

Answer 21

the ions move so the compound can conduct electricity

Question 22

what is metallic bonding

Answer 22

the electrostatic attraction between the nuclei of the positive ions and the electrons

Question 23

why are metals good conductors of electricity and heat

Answer 23

the delocalised electrons can move

Question 24

why are metals malleable

Answer 24

the layers of ions can slide