inorganic chemistry Flashcards
how do group 1 elements react with water
vigorously
what does the reaction of a metal and water give off
metal hydroxide + hydrogen
what is the trend in reactivity as you go down group 1
the metals get more reactive down the group
why does the reactivity increase down group 1
-attraction between outermost electron and nucleus gets less
-the atoms get bigger down the group, so outer electron is more easily lost
-so the metal is more reactive
in group 7, what happens as the atomic number of the elements increases
-darker coloured elements
-higher boiling points
what colour is chlorine
a poisonous, green gas
what colour is bromine
poisonous, red brown liquid and orange vapour at room temp.
what colour is iodine
grey solid and gives off purple vapour when heated
what is the trend in reactivity in group 7
the higher up in group 7 the element is, the more reactive it is
why does reactivity decrease down group 7
its harder to attract an extra electron to fill the outer shell when its further away from the nucleus
what is a displacement reaction
when a more reactive element displaces a les reactive element from its compound
what is a redox reaction
a reaction where an element is oxidised and another element is reduced
what is an oxidising agent
-accepts electrons
-gets reduced
what is a reducing agent
-donates electrons
-gets oxidised
what is the % of nitrogen in the atmosphere
78%
what is the % of oxygen in the atmosphere
21%
what is the % of argon in the atmosphere
nearly 1%
what is the % of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere
0.04%
what colour is magnesium when it reacts with air
white flame (magnesium oxide)
what colour is sulfur when it reacts with air
pale blue flame (sulfur dioxide)
how is carbon dioxide in the atmosphere reduced by humans
-deforestation
-burning fossil fuels
what does an Acid + Metal produce
salt + hydrogen
what is another name for rusting
hydrated iron (III) oxide
what are the two ways of preventing rusting
-paint-coat with plastic
-sacrificial method
what is the sacrificial method for rusting
-use a more reactive metal than iron
- so the zinc will be oxidised inseatad of the iron
what is the colour change of phenolphthalein in a titration when adding an acid to an alkali
pink > colourless
what can be used to neutralise an acid
bases (or alkalis)
what is a neutralisation reaction
a reaction between an acid and a base
what does an acid + base form
salt + water
what does an acid + metal oxide form
salt + water
what does an acid + metal hydroxide form
salt + water
what does acid + ammonia form
ammonium salt
what does an acid +metal carbonate form
salt + water + carbon dioxide
what colour does lithium burn with
red flame
what coloue does sodium burn with
yellow flame
what colour does potassium burn with
lilac flame
what colour does calcium burn with
orange-red flame
what colour does copper burn with
blue-green flame
what does Cu + NaOH give off
blue precipitate
what does Iron (II) + NaOH give off
sludgy green precipitate
what does Iron (III) + NaOH give off
reddish brown precipitate
what does an ammonium compound + NaOH
ammonia
what does ammonia gas smell of
cat wee
how do you test for carbonates
-add dilute HCL
-carbon dioxide should be given off
how do you test for sulfates
-add dilute HCL
-add barium chloride solution
-should give off white precipitate of barium sulfate
what is the test for chloride ions
-add dilute nitric acid + silver nitrate
-white precipitate of silver chloride should form
what is the test for bromide ions
-add dilute nitric acid +silver nitrate
-cream precipitate of silver bromide should form
what is the test for iodide ions
-add dilute nitric acid + silver nitrate
-yellow precipitate of silver iodide should form
what is the test for chlorine
-bleaches damp blue litmus paper
-turns it white
what is the test for oxygen
-relights a glowing splint
what is the test for carbon dioxide
-bubble solution through limewater
-should turn cloudy/milky white
what is the test for hydrogen
lit splint gives a squeaky pop
what is the test for ammonia
-turns damp red litmus paper blue
