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inorganic chemistry Flashcards

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1
Q

how do group 1 elements react with water

A

vigorously

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2
Q

what does the reaction of a metal and water give off

A

metal hydroxide + hydrogen

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3
Q

what is the trend in reactivity as you go down group 1

A

the metals get more reactive down the group

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4
Q

why does the reactivity increase down group 1

A

-attraction between outermost electron and nucleus gets less
-the atoms get bigger down the group, so outer electron is more easily lost
-so the metal is more reactive

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5
Q

in group 7, what happens as the atomic number of the elements increases

A

-darker coloured elements
-higher boiling points

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6
Q

what colour is chlorine

A

a poisonous, green gas

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7
Q

what colour is bromine

A

poisonous, red brown liquid and orange vapour at room temp.

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8
Q

what colour is iodine

A

grey solid and gives off purple vapour when heated

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9
Q

what is the trend in reactivity in group 7

A

the higher up in group 7 the element is, the more reactive it is

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10
Q

why does reactivity decrease down group 7

A

its harder to attract an extra electron to fill the outer shell when its further away from the nucleus

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11
Q

what is a displacement reaction

A

when a more reactive element displaces a les reactive element from its compound

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12
Q

what is a redox reaction

A

a reaction where an element is oxidised and another element is reduced

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13
Q

what is an oxidising agent

A

-accepts electrons
-gets reduced

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14
Q

what is a reducing agent

A

-donates electrons
-gets oxidised

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15
Q

what is the % of nitrogen in the atmosphere

A

78%

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16
Q

what is the % of oxygen in the atmosphere

A

21%

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17
Q

what is the % of argon in the atmosphere

A

nearly 1%

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18
Q

what is the % of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere

A

0.04%

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19
Q

what colour is magnesium when it reacts with air

A

white flame (magnesium oxide)

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20
Q

what colour is sulfur when it reacts with air

A

pale blue flame (sulfur dioxide)

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21
Q

how is carbon dioxide in the atmosphere reduced by humans

A

-deforestation
-burning fossil fuels

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22
Q

what does an Acid + Metal produce

A

salt + hydrogen

23
Q

what is another name for rusting

A

hydrated iron (III) oxide

24
Q

what are the two ways of preventing rusting

A

-paint-coat with plastic
-sacrificial method

25
Q

what is the sacrificial method for rusting

A

-use a more reactive metal than iron
- so the zinc will be oxidised inseatad of the iron

26
Q

what is the colour change of phenolphthalein in a titration when adding an acid to an alkali

A

pink > colourless

27
Q

what can be used to neutralise an acid

A

bases (or alkalis)

28
Q

what is a neutralisation reaction

A

a reaction between an acid and a base

29
Q

what does an acid + base form

A

salt + water

30
Q

what does an acid + metal oxide form

A

salt + water

31
Q

what does an acid + metal hydroxide form

A

salt + water

32
Q

what does acid + ammonia form

A

ammonium salt

33
Q

what does an acid +metal carbonate form

A

salt + water + carbon dioxide

34
Q

what colour does lithium burn with

A

red flame

35
Q

what coloue does sodium burn with

A

yellow flame

36
Q

what colour does potassium burn with

A

lilac flame

37
Q

what colour does calcium burn with

A

orange-red flame

38
Q

what colour does copper burn with

A

blue-green flame

39
Q

what does Cu + NaOH give off

A

blue precipitate

40
Q

what does Iron (II) + NaOH give off

A

sludgy green precipitate

41
Q

what does Iron (III) + NaOH give off

A

reddish brown precipitate

42
Q

what does an ammonium compound + NaOH

A

ammonia

43
Q

what does ammonia gas smell of

A

cat wee

44
Q

how do you test for carbonates

A

-add dilute HCL
-carbon dioxide should be given off

45
Q

how do you test for sulfates

A

-add dilute HCL
-add barium chloride solution
-should give off white precipitate of barium sulfate

46
Q

what is the test for chloride ions

A

-add dilute nitric acid + silver nitrate
-white precipitate of silver chloride should form

47
Q

what is the test for bromide ions

A

-add dilute nitric acid +silver nitrate
-cream precipitate of silver bromide should form

48
Q

what is the test for iodide ions

A

-add dilute nitric acid + silver nitrate
-yellow precipitate of silver iodide should form

49
Q

what is the test for chlorine

A

-bleaches damp blue litmus paper
-turns it white

50
Q

what is the test for oxygen

A

-relights a glowing splint

51
Q

what is the test for carbon dioxide

A

-bubble solution through limewater
-should turn cloudy/milky white

52
Q

what is the test for hydrogen

A

lit splint gives a squeaky pop

53
Q

what is the test for ammonia

A

-turns damp red litmus paper blue

chemistry (6 decks)

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