periodic table Flashcards
period
rows
group
column
metals
on the left of the zigzag
metals electrical conductitity
conduct electriicty because they allow charge to pass through them easily
metals acid-base character of oxides
metal oxides are basic, this means they will neutralise acids
those which dissolve will form solutions with a PH more than 7
non metals
the elements on the right of the zig zag
non metals electircal conducitity
poor conductors of electricity
non metals acid- base character of oxides
they are acidic, they dissolve in water to form solutions with a PH less than 7
noble gases
group 0
they are inert (don’t react with much at all)
the reason of this is because they have a full outer shell of electrons and the are not desperate to give up or gain electrons.
why do elements in the same group have similar chemical properties
because they have the same number of electrons in their outer shell
the properties of elements..
such as reactivity often gradually change as you go down a group
reaction to find out if it is a group one element
when lihium, sodium and potassium are put in water, they all react vigorously
this reaction produces a metal hydroxide solution. This solution is alkaline
the reaction of the alkali metals with water also produces hydrogen, this is why you can see fizzing.
group one metals are also called
alkali metals
group one reactivity
the elements in group 1 get more reactive as the atomic number increases
lithim, sodium, potassium
group seven
halogens
chlorine
green
physical state at room temp - gas
bp: -34 degrees c
bromine
red-brown
physics state at room temp - liquid
bp: 59 degrees c
iodine
dark grey
physics state at room temp - solid
bp: 185 degrees c
as the atomic number of halogens increase
the elements have a darker colour and higher bp
the higher up group 7 an element is
the more reactive it is , because the shell with the missing electron is nearer to the nucleus, so the pull from the positive nucleus is greater
why is hcl acidic in water
when hydrogen chloride is dissolves in water the hcl molecules split up into H+ ion and CL- ions, this process is called dissociation
the solution formed is hydrochloric acid
if you test a solution of hcl with blue litmus
it turns red/pink
if hcl is dissolved in an organic solvent like methylbenzene
it doesnt dissociate into H+ and Cl- ions, this means there are no H+ ions produced so it is not acidic
test to see which halogens are most reactive
add a few drops of the halogen solution to the salt solution then look for a colour change
potassium bromide reaction with chlorine water
orange solution (BR2)
potassium ioddide olution reaction with bromine water
brown solution (I2) formed
potassium iodide solution reaction with chlorine water
brown solution (I2) formed
in displacment reactions…
redusction and oxidation are occurring simalraneously
oxidising agent
accepts electrons and gets reduced
reducing agent
donated electrons and gets oxidised
manufacture of ammonia (the haber process)
you need nitrogen from air and hydroegn from natural gas or the cracking of hydrocarbons
