Periodic Table Flashcards
Groups
Families of elements
Similar but not the same
Period
Rows across periodic table
No of shells
Alkali metals
Produce hydrogen and hydroxides React in oxygen and water Exothermic Density, some float More reactive down group
Lithium and water
Fizzes steadily, gradually disappears
Sodium and water
Fizzes rapidly, melts into a ball, disappears quickly
Potassium and water
Ignites with purple flame, disappears quickly
Uses of alkali metals
Lithium, batteries, kill germs in pools
Sodium, street lamps, nuclear reactors
Alkali earth metals
Exothermic reactions Produce hydroxide and hydrogen React with water except Berylium Densities More reactive down group
Uses of alkali earth metals
Calcium, teeth
Strontium, red fireworks
Radium, cancer treatment
Halogens
Non metals Insulators Brittle Crumble Poisonous Darker down group Less reactive down group Melting point increase down group Increase in size down group
Fluorine
Gas
Yellow
Chlorine
Gas
Green
Bromine
Liquid
Volatile
Orange
Iodine
Solid
Brown
Displacement reactions
More reactive bonds, less reactive on own
Colour=less reactive
Uses of halogens
Chlorine, swimming pools
Halogens kill bacteria
Noble gases
Inert
Colourless, tasteless, odourless
Boiling point increase down group
More dense down group
Uses of noble gases
Xenon, anaesthetic
Radon, radiotherapy
Light bulbs
Krypton, airport runways
Transition metals
Coloured
Catalysts
Hard
Conductors
