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Chemistry > Organic Chemistry > Flashcards

Organic Chemistry Flashcards

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1
Q

Crude oil

A

Unrefined oil
Hydrocarbons
Fossil fuel

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2
Q

Hydrocarbon

A

Hydrogen and carbon compound

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3
Q

Separate crude oil

A

Fractional distillation
Crude oil heated at tower
Temp gradient
Fractions with boiling point lower than fractions with highest boiling point, evaporates, rises
For each fractions, reaches condensing point, condense, collected

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4
Q

Fractions

A 
Refinery gases, domestic cooking
Gasoline, cars
Kerosene, planes
Diesel, lorries
Fuel oil, ships
Bitumen, road surface
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5
Q

Burning hydrocarbons

A

Produce CO2, GH
GH effect
GW

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6
Q

Carbon monoxide

A

Incomplete combustion product
Toxic
Carboxyhaemoglobin
Colourless, odourless

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7
Q

Suphur dioxide

A 
Impurities in fossil fuels
From car engines
Sulphuric acid from sulphur dioxide and water and oxygen
Acid rain
Trees die
Acidified lake
Limestone dissolved
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8
Q

Nitrogen oxide

A

Nitrogen in engines, react with oxygen

Acid rain

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9
Q

Cracking

A

Supply of small hydrocarbons meet high demands
Larger hydrocarbons into smaller hydrocarbons
Passed over alumina, silica, 600/700C
Random products

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10
Q

Alkanes

A

Saturated

Simple hydrocarbon

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11
Q

Alkane formula

A

Cn+H2n+2

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12
Q

Physical properties of alkanes

A

Higher the number of carbons

Stronger intermolecular forces, higher boiling point

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13
Q

Alkane reactions with bromine

A 
UV
Substitution
Orange to colourless
Bromoalkane
Hydrogen bromide
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14
Q

Structural isomerism

A

Different structural and displayed formula

Same number of carbons, hydrogens

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15
Q

Alkenes

A

Unsaturated

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16
Q

Alkane formula

A

CnH2n

17
Q

Physical properties of alkenes

A

Higher number of hydrocarbons
Stronger intermolecular forces
Higher boiling points

18
Q

Alkenes reaction with bromine

A

Bromine water
Addition
Orange to colourless

19
Q

Alcohols

A

Hydrocarbon with OH

20
Q

Alcohol formula

A

Alkane formula+O

21
Q

Combustion of alcohols

A

Can be used as a fuel

22
Q

Hydration of ethene

A 
Hydration
300C
60-70atm
Phosphoric acid catalyst
Fermentation
30C
Pasty yeast ferments sugar with enzymes
23
Q

Advantages of hydration

A 
Faster
Continuous
Pure ethanol
Large scale
Few workers
24
Q

Advantages of fermentation

A

Glucose, yeast, cheap
Renewable
No high pressure, energy needed
No danger.

25
Q

Disadvantages of hydration

A

Expensive, energy required
Alkenes from non renewable sources
Specific conditions

26
Q

Disadvantages of fermentation

A 
Time consuming
Sugar takes land
Small scale
Impure with water
Many workers needed
27
Q

Dehydration

A

Ethene
Heat strongly
Pass ethanol over alumina
Test with bromine water

28
Q

Polymers

A

Many different monomers join together to make one molecule

Addition, double bond opens up, ethene joins to make a polymer

29
Q

Use of polythene

A 
Cheap
Strong
Waterproof
Inert
Mouldable
Lightweight
Plastic bag
30
Q

Uses of polypropylene

A 
Tough
Strong
Mouldable
Lightweight
Plastic boxes
31
Q

Uses of chloroethene

A 
Flexible
Insulator
Waterproof
Inert
Clothes
32
Q

Issues with polymers

A

Inert
Not biodegradable
Monomers from un renewable sources

33
Q

Condensation polymers

A

Water sometimes produced
2 monomers
Form polymer chains

Chemistry (14 decks)

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