Periodic Table Flashcards
How many sub-atomic particles in an atom and name them
- Protons, neutrons and electrons
Define an element
Contains one type of atom and cannot be broken down further
Define a compound
Elements combined chemically to form a compound. Atoms of different elements chemically bonded
Why are noble gases stable?
Because their outer electron shell is full. The atoms of other elements have incomplete outer shells
Name 3 ways electrons can obtain similar outer electron shells to the noble gases
By losing electrons, by gaining them and by sharing them
A negative ion is called
Anion
A positive ion is called
A cation
What’s an ionic bond
When a metallic element reacts with non-metallic elements .
Why do metal atoms tend to become cations
Because they tend to lose electronic ms causing them to become positively charged
Why do non-metallic elements tend to become anions
Because they tend to gain electrons causing them to become negatively charged
What’s the half reaction for a sodium ion
Na –> Na+ + e-
What’s the half reaction for a chlorine ion
Cl + e- –> Cl-
Give an example of an ionic bond
Sodium chloride
Explain how the ions are arranged when they bond
The ions cluster together so that each cation is surrounded by an anion. This pattern is called a lattice/ crystal lattice.
Substances formed by ionic bonds do not contain molecules- what are they made up of?
Ions
Explain why MgCl2 is in the ratio of 1:2
Because they are 2 chlorine a for every magnesium
How do you name the ion of a metal
Add the word ion to the end
Eg. Aluminum ion
How to you name the ion of a non-metal?
Add the suffix -ide.
Eg. Chloride
Name 4 properties of ionic compounds
- Electrical insulators when solid
- Electrical conductors when molten or dissolved.
- They are brittle ( when lattice is deformed, by pressing on it, ions of like charged may be aligned next to each other. They will repel each other causing the lattice to break up)
- High melting points ( because the ionic bond is very strong)
Define a covalent bond
Is when 2 non-metallic elements react together they share electrons between them in order to obtain a full outer shell
What is a molecule
A small group of atoms held together by covalent bonds
The path that electrons take
Orbital
Define a covalent compound
Atoms of different elements can also share electrons to form bonds.
Eg. The formula for hydrogen chloride is HCL
Define a double bond
some molecules are formed when 2 pairs of electrons are shared between atoms.
Eg: C2H4
Give an example of a triple bond
Nitrogen molecule
Name 2 properties of covalent bonds
- Electrical insulators in all phases
2. Low melting and boiling points ( most are gases or liquids at room temperature)
Define a binary compound
They only consist of 2 elements. The names of binary compounds consist of the names of the more metallic elements followed by the suffix -ide.
What is the valency of Ag (silver)
+1
What is the valency of Zn (zinc)
+2
What is the valency of Pb ( lead)
+2
Valency of Cu ( copper)
+2
Valency of Fe (iron)
+2
If the valency of the atoms add up to 0 - what is the ratio
1:1
When writing chemical formulas- does the metal of the non-metal come first
The metal
What’s stock notation
When they write the valency of a transition metal I Roman numerals
Name a force that is both attractive and repulsive
Magnetism
