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June Exams 2015 > Blood Transport System > Flashcards

Blood Transport System Flashcards

1
Q

The blood system consists of…

A 
Blood vessels (arteries, veins, capillaries) 
Liquid bloood( red blood cells, white blood cells and plasma) 
Heart ( the pump to push the blood through the blood vessels
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2
Q

Name 5 functions of the blood system

A
  1. Transports dissolved nutrients from digestive systems to all cells.
  2. Transports dissolved oxygen from lungs to all cells for cellular respiration.
  3. Transports carbon dioxide ( waste product of cellular respiration) from the cells to the lungs to be breathed out.
  4. Transports other waste products from the cells eg urea to the kidneys to be filtered out of the body in urine.
    5 heat is transported in the blood, so the blood keeps us warm and regulates body temperature.
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3
Q

Define pulmonary circulation and systemic circulation

A

Pulmonary circulation is from the heart to the lungs and back to the heart. Systemic circulation is from the heart to the rest of the body then back to the heart.

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4
Q

Define and open circulation system and name an animal that has one.

A

An open circulation system is when there are no blood vessels at all and the blood just flows over the cells. This is only efficient in very small animals. Am example is a dragonfly.

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5
Q

What does the term double circulation mean? And what structure makes this possible?

A

That the blood passes through the heart twice before going back to the starting point. The septum makes this possible.

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6
Q

What are the benefits of having a septum.

A

So that the oxygenated and de-oxygenated blood do not mix.

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7
Q

Which valve separates the right atrium from the right ventricle

A

The tricuspid valve

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8
Q

Which valve separates the left atrium from the left ventricle

A

The bicuspid valve

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9
Q

What helps keep the valves in place

A

The chordate tenonae / heart strings

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10
Q

What are the names of the valves in th pulmonary artery and the aorta?

A

Semi-lunar valves.

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11
Q

What is the main function of the valves

A

To prevent back flow of the blood. To ensure that it only flows in one direction.

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12
Q

The lubb sound is…

A

The sound of the atrioventricular valves closing

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13
Q

The dubb sound is…

A

The sound of the semi-lunar valves closing.

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14
Q

Define systole

A

Systole is the cardiac muscles contracting.

Atrial systole - atria contracting. Blood is forces into the ventricles. All valves are open. 0.1s

Ventricular systole- ventricles contracting. Blood is forced through aorta and pulmonary artery. Semi-lunar valves open, AV valves closed.0.3s.

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15
Q

Define diastole

A

Cardiac muscles relaxing.

Semi lunar valves closed, AV valves open. Blood flows in from veins and entire heart fills with blood. 0.4s

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16
Q

What’s a pacemaker.

A

The pacemaker is responsible for the rhythmic contraction and relaxation of the heart. It generates an electrical current which can be monitored during the cardiac cycle.

17
Q

What’s an electrocardiogram

A

The graph that records the electrical activity in the heart over a period of time. Also known as ECG.

18
Q

Give the structural differences between veins and arteries.

A

Arteries have a thick muscle layer while veins have a thin one.
Arteries have a small lumen and veins have a larger one.
Arteries have no semi-lunar valves and the veins have them

19
Q

Provide the functional differences between arteries and veins

A

Arteries take blood away from the heart and veins take blood to the heart

In the arteries the blood is under a lot of pressure, in veins under less pressure.

20
Q

Name 2 transport systems in all vertebrates

A

The blood system and the lymphatic system

21
Q

Brings blood from head to superior vena cava

A

Jugular vein

22
Q

Brings blood from heart to lungs

A

Pulmonary artery

23
Q

Brings blood from upper body to heart

A

Superior vena cava

24
Q

Brings blood from lower body to heart

A

Inferior vena cava

25
Q

Brings blood from liver go inferior vena cava with processed food

A

Hepatic vein

26
Q

Brings blood from gut to live with absorbed food

A

Hepatic portal vein

27
Q

Bring blood from kidneys to inferior vena cava with purified blood

A

Renal vein

28
Q

Brings blood from lower body to inferior vena cava

A

Iliac vein

29
Q

Takes blood to legs

A

Femoral artery

30
Q

Takes from from aorta to kidneys with nitrogenous waste

A

Renal artery

31
Q

Brings blood from aorta to gut

A

Mesenterio artery

32
Q

Brings blood from aorta to liver

A

Hepatic artery

33
Q

Brings blood from heart to whole body

A

Aorta

34
Q

Brings blood from aorta to head

A

Carotid artery

35
Q

Brings blood from lungs to heart

A

Pulmonary vein

June Exams 2015 (13 decks)

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