Periodic Table

Question 1

Are groups on the periodic table vertical or horizontal?

Answer 1

Vertical

Question 2

Periods

Answer 2

• Horizontal
• Numbered 1-7
• Properties will increase or decrease across the period
• Same number of electron shells

Question 2

Are periods on the periodic table vertical or horizontal?

Answer 2

Horizontal

Question 3

10 sections of the periodic table

Answer 3

1. Alkali metals
2. Alkaline earth metals
3. Transition metals
4. Lanthanoids/Lanthanides
5. Actinides
6. Post transition metals
7. Metalloids
8. Non metals
9. Noble gases
10. Unknown properties

Question 3

Properties of metals (generally)

Answer 3

• Shiny
• High boiling and melting points
• Are good conductors of heat and electricity
• Ductile = can be made into long, thin wires
• Malleable = can be beaten/bent into shapes

Question 4

Groups

Answer 4

• Vertical
• Numbered 1-18
• Have similar chemical properties
• React in similar ways
• Same number of valence electrons

Question 5

Properties of non-metals (generally)

Answer 5

• Dull
• Brittle = will shatter when bent
• Have low melting and boiling points
• Are poor conductors of heat and electricity
• Have 4, 5, 6, 7 or 8 valence electrons

5 solids, 1 liquid, 10 gases

Question 6

Alkali metal characteristics

Answer 6

• Group 1
• Highly reactive with air and water
• Reactivity increases down the group
• Soft = can be cut with a knife
• Dull on the outside, but shiny on the inside because they have an oxide layer
• Lower density than water = float

Question 7

Alkaline earth metal characteristics

Answer 7

• Group 2
• Reactivity increases down the group
• Shiny and silvery white
• Low melting and boiling points

Question 8

Transition metal characteristics

Answer 8

• Groups 3-12
• Silver coloured (most of the time)
• Harder than other metals
• Higher densities
• Higher melting points
  Often exist in multiple forms eg. Iron: Fe²⁺ and Fe³⁺

Question 8

Metalloid characteristics

Answer 8

• 7 elements between the metals and non-metals
• Have some properties of metals = shiny
• Some properties of non-metals = brittle
• Semi-conductors = conductivity is between that of conductors and insulators

Question 9

Lanthanides and Actinides characteristics

Answer 9

• Fit into the periodic table next to the transition metals
• Most are synthetic elements with some exceptions (U)
• Many are radioactive and/or unstable

Question 10

Noble gas characteristics

Answer 10

• Group 18
• Have full valence shells
• Are very stable
• Do not react at all so are referred to as inert
• Glow under particular conditions

Question 11

Halogens characteristics

Answer 11

• Group 17
• Have all their valence electrons except one
• Highly reactive
• Want to gain another valence electron
• Fluorine is most reactive