Periodic Table Flashcards
Periodic Law
The law that states that when elements are organized by atomic number, they show a periodic repetition of properties
Group
The columns of the periodic table
Periods
The rows of a periodic table
Allotropes
The different forms of a element
What are the different properties of a metal?
Malleable, good conductors of heat & electricity, ductile, solid at room temperature (except for mercury), and lustrous in their pure form
What are the different properties of a nonmetal?
Brittle, bad conductors of heat & electricity, and not lusterous
What are the different properties of a metalloid?
Properties depend on the conditions
Where are the alkali metals located?
Group 1A
Where are the alkaline earth metals located?
Group 2A
Where are the halogens located?
Group 7A
Where are the noble gasses located?
Group 8A
What does malleable mean?
Able to be shaped with a hammer
What does ductile mean?
Able to be twisted into a wire
What does lustrous mean?
Shiny
What are valence electrons?
Electrons located in the outermost shell of an atom
What does electronegativity mean?
How strongly an atom attracts electrons when its in a compound
What does ionization energy mean?
The amount of energy needed to remove an electron from its atom
What does atomic radius mean?
Half of the distance between two nuclei of two atoms of the same element when they are joined together
What does ion mean?
A charged atom
What does cation mean?
A positively charged atom
What does anion mean?
A negatively charged atom
What is electrolysis used for?
Splitting a compound up into atoms
Where are the transition metals located?
d-block, B group
Where are the inner transition metals located?
f-block and actinides and lanthinides
What does inert mean?
Not chemically reactive
What is the most important element for modern life?
Silicon
How do anions form?
An atom gains an electron
How do cations form?
An atom loses an electron
Does first ionization energy increase or decrease as you move left to right in a period? How about as you move down a group?
Increase; decrease
Does atomic radius increase or decrease as you move left to right in a period? How about as you move down a group?
Decrease; increase
Does electronegativity increase or decrease as you move left to right in a period? How about as you move down a group?
Increase; decrease
Does ionic size increase or decrease as you move left to right in a period? How about as you move down a group?
Ionic size depends on if the ion is a metal or not, if it is a metal ion then it will generally be smaller, if it is a nonmetal then it will generally be smaller.
