Period 8 Key Concepts Flashcards
Yalta Conference
Meeting between FDR, Stalin, and Churchill. Est. the United Nations and showed the rising tensions between Soviets vs. US and Britian.
Potsdam Conference
Meeting between the Big Three to negotiate the terms for the end of WWII. Set the stage for a Soviet take over and worsened US-Soviet relation.
Containment
USA attempt at limited/countering Soviet influence in Europe. Pushed the US to declare support for any government that was anti-Communist.
Truman Doctrine
Truman declared support for any country dealing with Communist coups/uprising. Led to USA giving $300 mil aid to Greece and $100 mil aid to Turkey.
Marshall Plan
Proposed that the US lends money to Europe for the purpose of economic recovery. Sent $13 billion towards the recovery effort.
NATO (National Alliance Treaty Organization)
Peacetime military alliance; declared that if one country in NATO was attacked, all the countries in NATO were attacked.
Warsaw Pact
Basically the Soviet’s version of NATO. Was a retaliation to the formation of NATO and solidified the division in Europe.
Taft-Hartley Act
An overhaul of the National Labor Relations Act; weakened workers ability to organize and strike. Was passed over Truman’s veto.
Fair Deal
Truman’s attempt to extend the New Deal. Proposed social services such as ext. Social Security, national health insurance, housing program, etc. Was blocked by Congress.
Loyalty-Security Program
Allowed the investigation of federal employees for potential espionage. Represented how centralized government power had gotten.
HUAC (House Un-american Activities Committee)
Anti-Communist government agency, spread fear over Soviet spies. Launched by conservatives.
Eisenhower Doctrine
Declared that the US would aid countries threatened by Communism. Put a pro-American government in Jordan, showed that the USA expanded containment globally.
Congress of Racial Equality (CORE)
Non-violent peace organization with the philosophy of non-violent but direct action.
Berlin Blockade
Stalin blocks resources off of East Berlin after the USA, Britain, and France suggest giving the Germans their land back.
Berlin Airlift
U.S. response to the Berlin Blockade, flew in thousands of tons of food and other resources to East Berliners.
Korean War
Proxy war between Russia-N. Korea and US-S. Korea.
Mao’s Great Leap Forward
Communal farming that led to widespread starvation in China.
Mao’s Cultural Revolution
Mao ordering the destruction of object from pre-Mao China; included the burning of books and temples.
de-Stalinization
Khrushchev deconstructs Stalin’s policies.
Berlin Wall
Khrushchev builds the Berlin Wall to separate the East and West.
Dentente
Mutual coexistence between nations (U.S. and S.U.)
- Anti-ballistic Missile Treaty
- Helsinki Accords
Anti-Ballistic Missile Treaty
Arms treaty between the U.S. and S.U. on the anti missile defense systems in defending areas. Was put in place to reduce pressure to build nuclear weapons.
Helsinki Accords
Formalized and recognized all post-WWII borders.
Taft-Hartley Act
Restricted the power of labor unions.
Federal Employee Loyalty Program
Required federal employees to swear an oath against Communism.
House UN-american Activities Committee (HUAC)
Formed to investigate disloyalty or potential Communist spies, especially in Hollywood.
Dennis v. United States
11 Communists were imprisoned for plotting to overthrow the government. Worsened the Red Scare.
McCarthyism
The Second Red Scare; led by senator Joseph McCarthy.
Rosenburg Case
A communist couple were accused of giving information about the atomic bomb to the S.U.
Army-McCarthyism Hearings
Exposed McCarthy for his lies and put an end to McCarthyism
GI Bill
Gave WWII veterans college scholarships and home loans.
Interstate Highway Act/System
Programs that built highways connecting the entire country. Led to the rise of migration to the Sun Belt states and suburbanization.
Why is the Sun Belt important?
Sun Belt
Southern states such as California and Texas. High rates of migration caused these states to become significant political figures and economic forces.
beatniks
Poets that challenged conformity of the current culture.
Executive Order 9981
Segregation
Banned segregation in the military.
Dixiecrats
Split away from the Democratic party due to Truman’s support of the Civil Rights Movement. Basically the “whites only” version of the Democrats.
Brown v. Board of Education
Desegregated schools, faced lots of resistance from southern states. (See: Little Rock Nine)
Montgomery Bus Boycott
Ensued when Rosa Parks refused to give up her seat for a white person. Led to a boycott of the Montgomery Bus Company and them almost going bankrupt.
Browder v. Gayle
Segregation
Ruled that bus segregation was unconstitutional; fought against the “separate but equal” rhetoric.
Levittown
Town that didn’t allow the entry of Black Americans.
Didn’t let them live there
