Period 8 Key Concepts

Question 1

Yalta Conference

Answer 1

Meeting between FDR, Stalin, and Churchill. Est. the United Nations and showed the rising tensions between Soviets vs. US and Britian.

Question 2

Potsdam Conference

Answer 2

Meeting between the Big Three to negotiate the terms for the end of WWII. Set the stage for a Soviet take over and worsened US-Soviet relation.

Question 3

Containment

Answer 3

USA attempt at limited/countering Soviet influence in Europe. Pushed the US to declare support for any government that was anti-Communist.

Question 4

Truman Doctrine

Answer 4

Truman declared support for any country dealing with Communist coups/uprising. Led to USA giving $300 mil aid to Greece and $100 mil aid to Turkey.

Question 5

Marshall Plan

Answer 5

Proposed that the US lends money to Europe for the purpose of economic recovery. Sent $13 billion towards the recovery effort.

Question 6

NATO (National Alliance Treaty Organization)

Answer 6

Peacetime military alliance; declared that if one country in NATO was attacked, all the countries in NATO were attacked.

Question 7

Warsaw Pact

Answer 7

Basically the Soviet’s version of NATO. Was a retaliation to the formation of NATO and solidified the division in Europe.

Question 8

Taft-Hartley Act

Answer 8

An overhaul of the National Labor Relations Act; weakened workers ability to organize and strike. Was passed over Truman’s veto.

Question 9

Fair Deal

Answer 9

Truman’s attempt to extend the New Deal. Proposed social services such as ext. Social Security, national health insurance, housing program, etc. Was blocked by Congress.

Question 10

Loyalty-Security Program

Answer 10

Allowed the investigation of federal employees for potential espionage. Represented how centralized government power had gotten.

Question 11

HUAC (House Un-american Activities Committee)

Answer 11

Anti-Communist government agency, spread fear over Soviet spies. Launched by conservatives.

Question 12

Eisenhower Doctrine

Answer 12

Declared that the US would aid countries threatened by Communism. Put a pro-American government in Jordan, showed that the USA expanded containment globally.

Question 13

Congress of Racial Equality (CORE)

Answer 13

Non-violent peace organization with the philosophy of non-violent but direct action.

Question 14

Berlin Blockade

Answer 14

Stalin blocks resources off of East Berlin after the USA, Britain, and France suggest giving the Germans their land back.

Question 15

Berlin Airlift

Answer 15

U.S. response to the Berlin Blockade, flew in thousands of tons of food and other resources to East Berliners.

Question 16

Korean War

Answer 16

Proxy war between Russia-N. Korea and US-S. Korea.

Question 17

Mao’s Great Leap Forward

Answer 17

Communal farming that led to widespread starvation in China.

Question 18

Mao’s Cultural Revolution

Answer 18

Mao ordering the destruction of object from pre-Mao China; included the burning of books and temples.

Question 19

de-Stalinization

Answer 19

Khrushchev deconstructs Stalin’s policies.

Question 20

Berlin Wall

Answer 20

Khrushchev builds the Berlin Wall to separate the East and West.

Question 21

Dentente

Answer 21

Mutual coexistence between nations (U.S. and S.U.)
- Anti-ballistic Missile Treaty
- Helsinki Accords

Question 22

Anti-Ballistic Missile Treaty

Answer 22

Arms treaty between the U.S. and S.U. on the anti missile defense systems in defending areas. Was put in place to reduce pressure to build nuclear weapons.

Question 23

Helsinki Accords

Answer 23

Formalized and recognized all post-WWII borders.

Question 24

Taft-Hartley Act

Answer 24

Restricted the power of labor unions.

Question 25

Federal Employee Loyalty Program

Answer 25

Required federal employees to swear an oath against Communism.

Question 26

House UN-american Activities Committee (HUAC)

Answer 26

Formed to investigate disloyalty or potential Communist spies, especially in Hollywood.

Question 27

Dennis v. United States

Answer 27

11 Communists were imprisoned for plotting to overthrow the government. Worsened the Red Scare.

Question 28

McCarthyism

Answer 28

The Second Red Scare; led by senator Joseph McCarthy.

Question 29

Rosenburg Case

Answer 29

A communist couple were accused of giving information about the atomic bomb to the S.U.

Question 30

Army-McCarthyism Hearings

Answer 30

Exposed McCarthy for his lies and put an end to McCarthyism

Question 31

GI Bill

Answer 31

Gave WWII veterans college scholarships and home loans.

Question 32

Interstate Highway Act/System

Answer 32

Programs that built highways connecting the entire country. Led to the rise of migration to the Sun Belt states and suburbanization.

Question 33

Why is the Sun Belt important?

Sun Belt

Answer 33

Southern states such as California and Texas. High rates of migration caused these states to become significant political figures and economic forces.

Question 34

beatniks

Answer 34

Poets that challenged conformity of the current culture.

Question 35

Executive Order 9981

Segregation

Answer 35

Banned segregation in the military.

Question 36

Dixiecrats

Answer 36

Split away from the Democratic party due to Truman’s support of the Civil Rights Movement. Basically the “whites only” version of the Democrats.

Question 37

Brown v. Board of Education

Answer 37

Desegregated schools, faced lots of resistance from southern states. (See: Little Rock Nine)

Question 38

Montgomery Bus Boycott

Answer 38

Ensued when Rosa Parks refused to give up her seat for a white person. Led to a boycott of the Montgomery Bus Company and them almost going bankrupt.

Question 39

Browder v. Gayle

Segregation

Answer 39

Ruled that bus segregation was unconstitutional; fought against the “separate but equal” rhetoric.

Question 40

Levittown

Answer 40

Town that didn’t allow the entry of Black Americans.

Didn’t let them live there