P6 Key Concepts

Question 1

Southern Farmers’ Alliance

Answer 1

Trade union for farmers, the biggest and most widespread trade union in American history.

Question 2

Interstate Commerce Act of 1887

Answer 2

Established that the ICC had to keep railroad rates reasonable. While it wasn’t successful, it was the first attempt at government regulation.

Question 3

Boomtowns

Answer 3

Towns that sprang up wherever gold was discovered. Tended to become ghost towns once gold ran out, but some (i.e. San Francisco) became large cities.

Question 4

Las Gorras Blancas

Answer 4

Group of Mexican Americans that partook in violence resistance against white American settlers.

Question 5

Indian Appropriation Act

Answer 5

Ended the act of making treaties with Native tribes, and also ended the notion that they were their own nation.

Question 6

Dawes Act of 1877

Answer 6

Established to assimilate Natives into settler life style by declaring that Natives could gain citizenship if they farmed on the land given to them.

Question 7

The Ghost Dance Movement

Answer 7

A dance praying that the white settlers would leave. Indicated the discontent Natives had with the current situation.

Question 8

Plessy v. Ferguson

Answer 8

Ruled that segregation was constitutional as long as both facilities were equal. Caused lynching, discrimination, and scientific racism to rise.

Question 9

Bessemer Process

Answer 9

Process of refining iron into steel; allowed America to become the leading producer in steel.

Question 10

Gustavus Swift

Answer 10

Pioneered the assembly line, vertical integration, and predatory pricing.

Question 11

Andrew Carnegie

Answer 11

Mastered vertical integration, owned U.S. Steel

Question 12

John D. Rockefeller

Answer 12

Pioneered horizontal integration, owned ~95% of the oil industry by 1880

Question 13

J. Pierpont Morgan

Answer 13

Controlled the banking industry, interlocking directorates

Question 14

Interlocking directorates

Answer 14

Placing officers of your company on the board of rival companies to spy on the competition.

Question 15

Conspicuous consumption

Answer 15

Spending of money for the sole purpose of displaying one’s wealth. (ie: Buying a Rolex)

Question 16

Tenement

Answer 16

Poorly made housing complexes that were small and cramped. Often held several families and fostered widespread disease.

Question 17

Knights of Labor

Answer 17

Labor union, accepting of blacks and women. Fell apart after the Haymarket Square Riot

Question 18

American Federation of Labor

Answer 18

Led by Samuel Gompers, replaced the Knights of Labor. Only accepted trades men and believed that unskilled labor shouldn’t exist.

Question 19

Haymarket Square Riot

Answer 19

Initially a peaceful strike protest, ended up killing several policemen after an anarchist threw a bomb at them.

Question 20

Political Action (Union strategy)

Answer 20

Unions rallying voters to vote for a specific senator.

Question 21

Strikes (Union strategy)

Answer 21

Workers attempt to negotiate with their employers; if that failed workers refused to work until their demands have been met.

Question 22

Violence (Union strategy)

Answer 22

Usually destruction of property, but sometimes escalated to injury or death of a person or people.

Question 23

Exoduster movement

Answer 23

Large migration of Black Americans out of the South to avoid persecution and lynching.

Question 24

Ethnic enclaves

Answer 24

When one ethnicity (ie: Chinese) gathered in one area to form communities based on their culture.

Question 25

Americanization

Answer 25

Assimilating immigrants and forcing them to adopt American culture.

Question 26

Jane Addams

Answer 26

Worked in settlement houses; led and founded the Hull House

Question 27

Nativists

Answer 27

People who believed that immigrants were harming American culture. Also believed that white Americans committed “race suicide” by allowing the entry of immigrants.

Question 28

American Protective Association

Answer 28

An organization against Catholics (many Catholics were Irish and Italian immigrants).

Question 29

Social Darwanism

Answer 29

The belief that inferior races/societies will fall under stronger ones. Used to justify the success of the wealthy during the Gilded Age.

Question 30

Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882

Answer 30

Stopped Chinese immigration and prevented Chinese immigrants from gaining American citizenship.

Question 31

White collar workers

Answer 31

People in office jobs (secretary, teachers, lawyers, managers, etc.).

Question 32

Consumer culture

Answer 32

People buying non-necessities such as Coca-Cola and tennis rackets.

Question 33

Philanthropy

Answer 33

The act of the wealthy giving generous donations to benefit the community.

Question 34

Carnegie Foundation

Answer 34

Invested in free public libraries, universities, and concert halls. Founded by Andrew Carnegie.

Question 35

Gospel of Wealth

Answer 35

Written by Carnegie, encourages philanthropy.

Question 36

Phoebe Apperson Hearst

Answer 36

Radical philanthropist who advocated for women’s suffrage and public education.

Question 37

National American Woman Suffrage Association

Answer 37

Established by Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Susan B. Anthony, the merging of the NWSA and the AWSA.

Question 38

Women’s Christian Temperance Union

Answer 38

Used peaceful protesting and lobbying to fight for the Temperance movement.

Question 39

Panic of 1893

Answer 39

Economic depression.

Question 40

Bimetallic standard

Answer 40

Backing money by both gold and silver.

Question 41

Gold standard

Answer 41

Backing money by only gold.

Question 42

Sherman Silver Purchase Act

Answer 42

A compromise between silver and tariff supporters, ordered the U.S. Treasury to buy silver.

Question 43

Populist Party

Answer 43

Farmer backed political party, called the government to regulate the economy and power held by banks and trusts.

Question 44

Patronage system

Answer 44

The practice of hiring supporters during voting season in return for giving them jobs if you win.

Question 45

Political Machines

Answer 45

Party organization that uses bribery and often controlled most of a cities politics.