Period 7: Progressivism

Question 1

new philosophy arguing that “truth” should be able to pass the public test of observable facts; a society should experiment with laws until something works.

Answer 1

pragmatism

Question 2

muckraking journalist for McClure’s Magazine; her article (and later book) exposing Standard Oil help bring antitrust legislation against the company.

Answer 2

Ida Tarbell

Question 3

Danish-American social reformer, “muckraking” journalist and social documentary photographer; contributed to the cause of urban reform in America at the turn of the twentieth century; “How the Other Half Lives.”

Answer 3

Jacob Riis

Question 4

governor of Wisconsin, who created a new system for bypassing political machines to have direct primary systems for nominating candidates;

Answer 4

Robert La Follette

Question 5

ratified in 1913, giving voters the direct power to elect Senators.

Answer 5

17th Amendment

Question 6

A critical term, first applied by Theodore Roosevelt, for investigative journalists who published exposés of political scandals and industrial abuses.

Answer 6

muckrakers

Question 7

a series of measures to create local tax reforms, regulatory commissions to monitor industries, and create new election laws

Answer 7

“Wisconsin Idea”

Question 8

created by Florence Kelley to pass state laws in New York to protect women from long working hours

Answer 8

National Child Labor Committee

Question 9

Begun in New York, a national progressive organization that encouraged women, through their shopping decisions, to support fair wages and working conditions for industrial laborers.

Answer 9

National Consumer’s League

Question 10

Supreme Court case that ruled against a state law limiting workers to ten-hour workdays.

Answer 10

Lochner v. New York

Question 11

Supreme Court case that ruled the health of women needed special protection from long work hours.

Answer 11

Muller v. Oregon

Question 12

A devastating fire that quickly spread through a factory building in New York City on March 25, 1911, killing 146 people. In the wake of the tragedy, fifty-six state laws were passed dealing with such issues as fire hazards, unsafe machines, and wages and working hours for women and children.

Answer 12

Triangle Shirtwaist Fire

Question 13

President Theodore Roosevelt’s campaign approach to not favor business or labor interests, working for the best situation for both; guaranteed Roosevelt’s reelection in 1904.

Answer 13

“Square Deal”

Question 14

Under Roosevelt, the practice of using antitrust legislation and prosecution

Answer 14

trust-busting

Question 15

an American writer whose involvement with socialism led to a writing assignment about the plight of workers in the meatpacking industry, eventually resulting in the best-selling novel The Jungle

Answer 15

Upton Sinclair

Question 16

A 1906 law regulating the conditions in the food and drug industries to ensure a safe supply of food and medicine.

Answer 16

Pure Food and Drug Act

Question 17

provided that federal prosecutors visit meat plants to ensure that they met minimum standards of sanitation.

Answer 17

Meat Inspection Act

Question 18

Ratified in 1913, authorizing the U.S. government to collect an income tax, which only applied to the wealthy.

Answer 18

16th Amendment

Question 19

founder of the American Socialist Party; former railway union leader; was the party’s presidential nominee five times

Answer 19

Eugene V. Debs

Question 20

Theodore Roosevelt’s campaign plan while representing the Bull Moose Party in the 1912 election; included more government regulation of business and unions, more social welfare programs, and women’s suffrage

Answer 20

New Nationalism

Question 21

Passed in 1913 and lowered tariffs for the first time in 50 years; also created a graduated income tax

Answer 21

Underwood Tariff

Question 22

Created the Federal Reserve in 1914, bringing stability and flexibility to the U.S. financial system by regulating interest rates

Answer 22

Federal Reserve Act

Question 23

protected consumers by investigating and taking action against any unfair trade practices in mosts industries

Answer 23

Federal Trade Commission

Question 24

strengthened the Sherman Antitrust Act’s power to break up monopolies; exempted unions from being prosecuted as trusts

Answer 24

Clayton Antitrust Act

Question 25

created 12 regional federal farm loan banks to provide loans at low-interest rates.

Answer 25

Federal Farm Loan Act

Question 26

passed in 1916; prohibited the shipment of products manufactured by children under 14; later found to be unconstitutional by the Supreme Court

Answer 26

Child Labor Act

Question 27

a group formed to abolish segregation and to increase educational opportunities for African American children

Answer 27

National Association for the Advancement of Colored People

Question 28

formed in 1911 to help people migrating from the South to adjust to northern cities; emphasized self-reliance and economic advancement

Answer 28

National Urban League

Question 29

group whose pursuit was to win suffrage rights for women at the state level first; led by Carrie Chapman Catt

Answer 29

National American Woman Suffrage Association (NAWSA)

Question 30

created by Alice Paul to press Congress and the president for a suffrage amendment to the Constitution.

Answer 30

National Woman’s Party

Question 31

an American birth control activist, sex educator, writer, and nurse; popularized the term “birth control”, opened the first birth control clinic in the United States, and established organizations that evolved into the Planned Parenthood Federation of America.

Answer 31

Margaret Sanger