Period 7: Progressivism Flashcards
new philosophy arguing that “truth” should be able to pass the public test of observable facts; a society should experiment with laws until something works.
pragmatism
muckraking journalist for McClure’s Magazine; her article (and later book) exposing Standard Oil help bring antitrust legislation against the company.
Ida Tarbell
Danish-American social reformer, “muckraking” journalist and social documentary photographer; contributed to the cause of urban reform in America at the turn of the twentieth century; “How the Other Half Lives.”
Jacob Riis
governor of Wisconsin, who created a new system for bypassing political machines to have direct primary systems for nominating candidates;
Robert La Follette
ratified in 1913, giving voters the direct power to elect Senators.
17th Amendment
A critical term, first applied by Theodore Roosevelt, for investigative journalists who published exposés of political scandals and industrial abuses.
muckrakers
a series of measures to create local tax reforms, regulatory commissions to monitor industries, and create new election laws
“Wisconsin Idea”
created by Florence Kelley to pass state laws in New York to protect women from long working hours
National Child Labor Committee
Begun in New York, a national progressive organization that encouraged women, through their shopping decisions, to support fair wages and working conditions for industrial laborers.
National Consumer’s League
Supreme Court case that ruled against a state law limiting workers to ten-hour workdays.
Lochner v. New York
Supreme Court case that ruled the health of women needed special protection from long work hours.
Muller v. Oregon
A devastating fire that quickly spread through a factory building in New York City on March 25, 1911, killing 146 people. In the wake of the tragedy, fifty-six state laws were passed dealing with such issues as fire hazards, unsafe machines, and wages and working hours for women and children.
Triangle Shirtwaist Fire
President Theodore Roosevelt’s campaign approach to not favor business or labor interests, working for the best situation for both; guaranteed Roosevelt’s reelection in 1904.
“Square Deal”
Under Roosevelt, the practice of using antitrust legislation and prosecution
trust-busting
an American writer whose involvement with socialism led to a writing assignment about the plight of workers in the meatpacking industry, eventually resulting in the best-selling novel The Jungle
Upton Sinclair
A 1906 law regulating the conditions in the food and drug industries to ensure a safe supply of food and medicine.
Pure Food and Drug Act
provided that federal prosecutors visit meat plants to ensure that they met minimum standards of sanitation.
Meat Inspection Act
Ratified in 1913, authorizing the U.S. government to collect an income tax, which only applied to the wealthy.
16th Amendment
founder of the American Socialist Party; former railway union leader; was the party’s presidential nominee five times
Eugene V. Debs
Theodore Roosevelt’s campaign plan while representing the Bull Moose Party in the 1912 election; included more government regulation of business and unions, more social welfare programs, and women’s suffrage
New Nationalism
Passed in 1913 and lowered tariffs for the first time in 50 years; also created a graduated income tax
Underwood Tariff
Created the Federal Reserve in 1914, bringing stability and flexibility to the U.S. financial system by regulating interest rates
Federal Reserve Act
protected consumers by investigating and taking action against any unfair trade practices in mosts industries
Federal Trade Commission
strengthened the Sherman Antitrust Act’s power to break up monopolies; exempted unions from being prosecuted as trusts
Clayton Antitrust Act
created 12 regional federal farm loan banks to provide loans at low-interest rates.
Federal Farm Loan Act
passed in 1916; prohibited the shipment of products manufactured by children under 14; later found to be unconstitutional by the Supreme Court
Child Labor Act
a group formed to abolish segregation and to increase educational opportunities for African American children
National Association for the Advancement of Colored People
formed in 1911 to help people migrating from the South to adjust to northern cities; emphasized self-reliance and economic advancement
National Urban League
group whose pursuit was to win suffrage rights for women at the state level first; led by Carrie Chapman Catt
National American Woman Suffrage Association (NAWSA)
created by Alice Paul to press Congress and the president for a suffrage amendment to the Constitution.
National Woman’s Party
an American birth control activist, sex educator, writer, and nurse; popularized the term “birth control”, opened the first birth control clinic in the United States, and established organizations that evolved into the Planned Parenthood Federation of America.
Margaret Sanger
