Period 3: 1754-1781

Question 1

the “frontier” of colonial America; disputed territory between France and Britain; where the French-Indian War began

Answer 1

Ohio Valley

Question 2

an alliance between the New York colony and the Iroquois people; later with the entire British Empire; became a model for relations between whites and Native Americans.

Answer 2

covenant chain

Question 3

1754; proposal by Benjamin Franklin to form one colonial government; to deal with Indian policy, trade and defense of the colonies

Answer 3

Albany Plan of Union

Question 4

the mid-1700s; an increase in colonial consumption due to the Industrial Revolution in England; raised living standards; led to personal and colonial debt

Answer 4

consumer revolution

Question 5

land that is suitable for crop growth

Answer 5

arable

Question 6

confirmed Indian control of the land west of the Appalachian Mountains; declared western frontier off-limits to colonial settlement; ignored by colonists.

Answer 6

Proclamation of 1763

Question 7

censuring or criticizing severely.

Answer 7

excoriate

Question 8

landowning protestors in North and South Carolina; 1769s to 1770s; demanded that western districts of colonies had more government help and representation

Answer 8

Regulators

Question 9

when a minority group adopts qualities and/or habits of a majority group; Conestoga Indians in the mid-1700s.

Answer 9

assimilation

Question 10

Prime Minister of Great Britain after the French/Indian War; passed the early taxation acts on the colonies in the 1760s

Answer 10

George Grenville

Question 11

tax act that decreased the tax on molasses; increased penalties on colonial smuggling; New England merchants were enraged by this act

Answer 11

Sugar Act of 1764

Question 12

a maritime (ships) trial presided over by an appointed judge; no juries; used on smugglers due to the Sugar Act

Answer 12

vice-admiralty courts

Question 13

law that imposed taxes on all paper used in the colonies; never too effect due to colonial resistance; repealed a year later

Answer 13

Stamp Act of 1765

Question 14

a law passed after a request by General Gage; required colonial governments to provide barracks and food for British troops

Answer 14

Quartering Act of 1765

Question 15

a meeting of delegates from nine colonies in 1765; protested the loss of American “rights and liberties” due to the Stamp and Sugar Acts; only the colonies can tax themselves

Answer 15

Stamp Act Congress

Question 16

group of merchants and artisans who banded together to protest British tax acts in the 1760s; began in Boston

Answer 16

Sons of Liberty

Question 17

legal rules and procedures that protected the lives and property of British subjects; cited by colonists who saw themselves as British subjects

Answer 17

English common law

Question 18

a term coined by John Locke in “Two Treatises of Government”; life, liberty, and property; influence on revolutionary leaders.

Answer 18

natural rights

Question 19

written by John Dickinson; urged colonists to oppose parliamentary taxes; the letters circulated widely and were early calls for resistance

Answer 19

“Letters From a Farmer”

Question 20

de facto leader of the British Parliament in the 1760s; behind most of the tax and duty bills to be passed on the colonies in pre-Revolutionary society

Answer 20

Charles Townshend

Question 21

British law that established new duties on tea, glass, lead, paper, and paint imported to the colonies; boycotts heightened tensions between British and Americans

Answer 21

Townshend Act of 1767

Question 22

pressuring of merchants to stop importing British goods to the colonies; 1760s-1770s; American women were crucial to this movement– produced homespun cloth

Answer 22

nonimportation movement

Question 23

groups of women across the New England colonies that supported boycotts of British goods; made homespun cloth and pushed for colonial only goods; brought more women into the public arena

Answer 23

Daughters of Liberty

Question 24

March 5, 1770; nine British redcoats fired into a crowd, killing five; known by the propaganda piece created by Paul Revere.

Answer 24

Boston “Massacre”