Period 3: 1754-1781 Flashcards
Covering the road to revolution and the war for independence.
the “frontier” of colonial America; disputed territory between France and Britain; where the French-Indian War began
Ohio Valley
an alliance between the New York colony and the Iroquois people; later with the entire British Empire; became a model for relations between whites and Native Americans.
covenant chain
1754; proposal by Benjamin Franklin to form one colonial government; to deal with Indian policy, trade and defense of the colonies
Albany Plan of Union
the mid-1700s; an increase in colonial consumption due to the Industrial Revolution in England; raised living standards; led to personal and colonial debt
consumer revolution
land that is suitable for crop growth
arable
confirmed Indian control of the land west of the Appalachian Mountains; declared western frontier off-limits to colonial settlement; ignored by colonists.
Proclamation of 1763
censuring or criticizing severely.
excoriate
landowning protestors in North and South Carolina; 1769s to 1770s; demanded that western districts of colonies had more government help and representation
Regulators
when a minority group adopts qualities and/or habits of a majority group; Conestoga Indians in the mid-1700s.
assimilation
Prime Minister of Great Britain after the French/Indian War; passed the early taxation acts on the colonies in the 1760s
George Grenville
tax act that decreased the tax on molasses; increased penalties on colonial smuggling; New England merchants were enraged by this act
Sugar Act of 1764
a maritime (ships) trial presided over by an appointed judge; no juries; used on smugglers due to the Sugar Act
vice-admiralty courts
law that imposed taxes on all paper used in the colonies; never too effect due to colonial resistance; repealed a year later
Stamp Act of 1765
a law passed after a request by General Gage; required colonial governments to provide barracks and food for British troops
Quartering Act of 1765
a meeting of delegates from nine colonies in 1765; protested the loss of American “rights and liberties” due to the Stamp and Sugar Acts; only the colonies can tax themselves
Stamp Act Congress
group of merchants and artisans who banded together to protest British tax acts in the 1760s; began in Boston
Sons of Liberty
legal rules and procedures that protected the lives and property of British subjects; cited by colonists who saw themselves as British subjects
English common law
a term coined by John Locke in “Two Treatises of Government”; life, liberty, and property; influence on revolutionary leaders.
natural rights
written by John Dickinson; urged colonists to oppose parliamentary taxes; the letters circulated widely and were early calls for resistance
“Letters From a Farmer”
de facto leader of the British Parliament in the 1760s; behind most of the tax and duty bills to be passed on the colonies in pre-Revolutionary society
Charles Townshend
British law that established new duties on tea, glass, lead, paper, and paint imported to the colonies; boycotts heightened tensions between British and Americans
Townshend Act of 1767
pressuring of merchants to stop importing British goods to the colonies; 1760s-1770s; American women were crucial to this movement– produced homespun cloth
nonimportation movement
groups of women across the New England colonies that supported boycotts of British goods; made homespun cloth and pushed for colonial only goods; brought more women into the public arena
Daughters of Liberty
March 5, 1770; nine British redcoats fired into a crowd, killing five; known by the propaganda piece created by Paul Revere.
Boston “Massacre”