Period 4: 1800-1848, pt. 1

Question 1

John Adams & Aaron Burr are defeated by Thomas Jefferson for the U.S. Presidency; nasty campaign; first “modern” campaign; signaled a peaceful transfer of power from one political party to another

Answer 1

“Revolution of 1800”

Question 2

land obtained from France in 1803 for $15 million; doubled the size of the United States;

Answer 2

Louisiana Purchase

Question 3

duo appointed by President Jefferson that led the Corps of Discovery up the Missouri River, across the Rocky Mountains, and to the Pacific Ocean.

Answer 3

Lewis and Clark

Question 4

the longest-serving chief justice (1801-1835) and fourth-longest serving justice in Supreme Court history, and is widely regarded as one of the most influential justices to ever sit on the Supreme Court; under him, the Supreme Court established the supremacy of the federal government.

Answer 4

John Marshall

Question 5

1803; established the principle of judicial review in the United States; considered the foundation of U.S. Constitutional law

Answer 5

Marbury v. Madison

Question 6

the idea that American courts have the power to strike down laws, statutes, and some government actions that violate the Constitution of the United States.

Answer 6

judicial review

Question 7

North African privateers that attacked European and American ships between the late 1700s and 1830; kidnapped sailors from foreign nations for ransom

Answer 7

Barbary Pirates

Question 8

the taking of men into a military or naval force by compulsion, with or without notice; British naval forces practiced this on American vessels prior to 1812; direct cause for the War of 1812

Answer 8

impressment

Question 9

An incident that happened on June 22, 1807; the ______ was an unarmed American ship attacked and boarded by the ______; the most famous example of impressment, in which the British seized American sailors and forced them to serve on British ships.

Answer 9

Chesapeake-Leopard Affair

Question 10

signed into law on December 22, 1807. The anticipated effect of this measure – economic hardship for the belligerent nations – was expected to chasten Great Britain and France, and force them to end their attacks of American shipping, respect U.S. neutrality, and cease the policy of impressment.

Answer 10

Embargo Act of 1807

Question 11

a term used in politics for someone favoring war in a debate over whether to go to war, or whether to continue or escalate an existing war; pushed the U.S. into war with Britain in 1812

Answer 11

War hawks

Question 12

the peace treaty that ended the War of 1812 between the U.S. and Great Britain; ended any hope that Great Britain would regain old colonial lands

Answer 12

Treaty of Ghent

Question 13

a series of 1815 meetings in which the New England Federalist Party met to discuss their grievances concerning the War of 1812 and the political problems arising from the federal government’s increasing power; the Federalists are discredited, resulting in their elimination as a major national political force.

Answer 13

Hartford Convention

Question 14

a United States policy of opposing European colonialism in the Americas beginning in 1823;

Answer 14

Monroe Doctrine

Question 15

a period in the political history of the United States that reflected a sense of national purpose and a desire for unity among Americans in the aftermath of the War of 1812.

Answer 15

Era of Good Feelings

Question 16

an American statesman who represented Kentucky in both the United States Senate and United States House of Representatives, served as the seventh speaker of the U.S. House of Representatives, and served as the ninth U.S. secretary of state; the “Great Compromiser”

Answer 16

Henry Clay

Question 17

a national economic plan put forth by Senator Henry Clay of Kentucky and the Whig party throughout the first half of the 19thcentury.

Answer 17

“American System” (definition)

Question 18

1. Pass high tariffs (taxes) on imports to protect American businesses and to increase revenues.
2. Re-establish a Bank of the United States (original charter had expired in 1811) in order to stabilize US currency and state banks.
3. Develop and support internal capital improvements, primarily consisting of designing and constructing roads and canals.

Answer 18

“American System” (components)

Question 19

the first major peacetime financial crisis in the United States that turned into a general collapse of the economy that persisted through 1821; led to the transition of the nation from its colonial commercial status with Europe toward an independent economy.

Answer 19

Panic of 1819

Question 20

one of the first and most important Supreme Court cases on federal power; held that Congress has implied powers derived from those listed in Article I, Section 8; the “Necessary and Proper” Clause gave Congress the power to establish a national bank.

Answer 20

McCulloch v. Maryland

Question 21

legislation that provided for the admission of Maine to the United States as a free state along with Missouri as a slave state; maintained the balance of power between North and South in the United States Senate; eventually failed to ease the sectional tensions caused by slavery

Answer 21

Missouri Compromise

Question 22

a policy that lifted all embargoes on American shipping except for those bound for British or French ports; reversed the Embargo Act of 1807

Answer 22

Nonintercourse Act (1809)

Question 23

a Native American Shawnee warrior/chief, who became the primary leader of a large, multi-tribal confederacy in the early 19th century; formed an alliance with Great Britain in 1812;

Answer 23

Tecumseh

Question 24

fought on November 7, 1811, in Battle Ground, Indiana between American forces led by Governor William Henry Harrison of the Indiana Territory and Indian forces led by Tecumseh

Answer 24

Battle of Tippecanoe