Period 6 and 7 Flashcards
Word
Defintion (Make sure to note the time period if possible)
Homestead Act
An act passed by the government in 1862 that allowed Americans too get free land if they lived on it for multiple years. This was done in order to promote westward expansion, and increase American agricultural output.
Transcontinental Railroad
The Transcontineital Railroad was a project focused on uniting America through the railway system, employing lots of workers including lots of immagrants as they worked from 1863 to 1869 to complete it.
Laissez faire
Laissex Faire was the American domestic economic policy that focused on having the fedral government mostly refrain from using its power to control American business. This policy lasted the duration of the gilded age, from the late 1800s to the early 1900s.
John D. Rockefeller (oil)
John D. Rockerfeller was an Americna bussiness man known for large amount of wealth. He profited off of oil and relaxed business laws during the time that allowed him to make more money.
Vertical Integration
A method of manufacturing commonly used during the gilded age, in which it was only one sole company controls the process and production of making a good. That means from the accqusistion of the raw materials, to the production of the final product only one company is producing the good.
Horizontal integrations
Horizontal integrations is a manufacturing mehtod used most commonly in the gilded age, in which multiple companies would be involved in the proccess of producing a good. It was simillar to a chain.
Andrew Carnegie (steel)
Andrew Carnegie was one of the many people who profited off of the relaxed lassiez faire polcies the Aemricna government adopted during the Gilded Age of the late 1800s and early 1900s. He focused on the steel industry, which would eventually become an American economic staple.
Gospel of Wealth
The “Gospel of Wealth” is an essay written by Andrew Carnegie. Publshied in 1889, the passage focused on the philinthropic philosphy Carnegie followed which related back to the responsibillity that the upper class had to helping out their community.
National Labor Union
The National Labor Union was one of the first American labor unions, which was made to protect workers from the agressive busniess practices during the gilded age. It didn’t last very long but it paved the way for other labor unions such as the Knights of Labor.
Knights of Labor
The Knights of Labor was another labor union during the early part of the gilded age that helped promote better conditions for workers. It promoted better working hours, improved pay, the eliminatio0n of child labor, and equality for all workers.
Haymarket Affair
The Haymarket Affair took place in 1886 Chicago, and was a violent riot that occured as a reuslt of a bombing that took place during a workplace demonstration. Multiple police officers and strikers were both injured and killed, all centered on the problems with workers rights.
Homestead Strike
The Homestead Strike took place in 1892 Pensylviania, and it was another violet protest focused on workers rights. It resulted in 16 deaths total, and it didn’t result in anything positive for the workers.
Pullman Strike
The Pullman strike was another violent protest, with it taking place in 1894 Chicago. It focused on railway worker condtions, in which many of them protested by refusing to work. This caused the federal government to get involved once train cars carrying things like mil were being neglected by workers, which forced the strike to end.
Urbanization
The growth of cities, in replacement of more rurual living.
Tenements
A multifamily urban dwelling, usually overcrowed and unsanitary.
Nativism
Favoring the interests of native-born people over forgein born people/immagrants. In America this meant White people orginating from england and the orginal colonies, not the indgienous population,
Chinese Exclusion Act
The Chinese Exclusion Act was one of the first signicant restrictions of Immagrants into America. It restricted Chinese laboroers from entering America for a 10 year peruod starting in 1882, which was due to ecomonic tension and racial discrimination.
Populist Party (People’s Party)/ What was their platform?
Left-wing movements of the late 19th century that wanted to reduce the power of the corporate and financial establishment. Their platform was a graduated income tax.
Panic of 1893
The Panic of 1893 was an economic disaster which caused a histeria over the population due to loss of economy and financials.
Social Gospel
A 19th century reform movement based on the belief that Christians have a responsibility to improve working conditions and alleviate poverty.
Frontier Thesis
Argument by historian Fredrick Jackson Turner that the frontier experience helped make American society more democratic during the 1860s.
Imperialism
The policy of extending a nations authority over other countries through political, economic, and military means.
“White Man’s Burden”
the alleged and ractist thought that it is the duty of white colonizers to care for nonwhite Indigenous subjects in their colonial possessions.
Yellow Journalism
the use of sensationalized and exaggerarated reporting by newspapers and magazines to attract readers
USS Maine/Remember the Maine
a U.S. warship that mysteriously exploded and sank in the harbor of Havana, Cuba, on February 15 1898
Treaty of Paris of 1898
the treaty ending the spanish-american war, in which spain freed cuba, turned over the islands of guam and puerto rico to the united states, and sold the philippines to the United states for $20 Million
Causes of Imperialism (3 G’s!)
The 3 G’s were the main causes of imperialism. The people would fight over wealth and culture to spread influence and control over other countries during the emergence of 1900. Which directly contributes to Gold, God, and Glory.
Foraker Act
legislation passed by Congress in 1900, in whch the U.S. ended military rule in Puerto Rico and set up civil governement
Open Door Policy
a statement of principles initiated by the United States in 1899 and 1900. It called for protection of equal privileges for all countries trading with China and for the support of Chinese territorial and administrative integrity
Big Stick Diplomacy
negotiating peacefully but also having strength in case things go wrong threatening with the “big stick”, or the military, ties in heavily with the idea of Realpolitik, which implies a pursuit of political power that resembles Machiavellian ideals
The Progressive Era
Progressivism sought to create a more just society over the late 19th century to the early 20th.
Muckrakers
Muckrakers were writers, journalists, and photographers who would expose the corruption within the current institutions established.
Direct primary
A form of election in which political party candidates were directly chosen for office beginning around 1915.
Initiative
A procedure by which a legislative measure can be originated by the people rather than a lawyer
Referendum
the principle or practice of submitting to popular vote a measure passed on or proposed by a legislative body or by popular initiative
Recall
Recall is a power reserved to the voters that allows the voters, by petition, to demand the removal of an elected official.
Prohibition
the prohibited the manufacture, transportation, and sale of alcoholic beverages in 1918
Square Deal
Theodore Roosevelt’s three major goals: conservation of natural resources, corporate law, and consumer protection.
Upton Sinclair/The Jungle
The Jungle exposed unfair industrial labor, which had the result of moving Congress for the first time to regulate food production in 1906
Meat Inspection Act AND Pure Food and Drug Act
The Meat Inspection and Pure Food and Drug Act was a direct consequence of poorly made, inedible, food distribution in 1906, which caused sickness and controversy of behind the counter products.
16th and 17th Amendment
16th Amendment (1913) gave Congress the power to impose an income tax; 17th Amendment (1913) required the direct election of senators
Jim Crow Laws
Jim Crow laws mandated racial segregation in all public facilities in the states of the former Confederate States of America and in some others, beginning in the 1870s.
Plessy v. Ferguson / “Separate but equal”
Seperate but equal was when black people have the same rights but like from far away.
“Dollar Diplomacy”
Policy whereby American influence would come mostly from banks, followed by diplomats.
Causes of WWI (M.A.I.N)
The causes were Alliances with other countries, Imperialism, Millitarism, and Nationalism
Lusitania
British passenger ship that was sunken by a German U-boat in 1915
Zimmerman Telegram
A coded message sent by Germany to Mexico to create an alliance to help take out the US in 1917
Liberty Loans/Liberty Bonds
Americans would help the government help pay the costs of the war and in return they would get all their money back plus interest after the war.
Selective Service Act
Law enacted in 1917 that required men to register for millitary service
Great Migration
A large-scale movement of African-Americans from the South to Northern cities for jobs in the early 20th century.
19th Amendment
It was passed in 1919 and allowed anyone to no matter race or sex to vote
Espionage and Sedition Acts
A law that made it illegal for speaking out against the government or war effort.
Fourteen Points
The principles making up President Woodrow Wilson’s plan for world peace following WW1
Treaty of Versailles
The 1919 peace treaty at the end of WW1 which established new nations, borders, and war reparations. Often cited as something that will lead to World War II.
