Period 4 and 5 Flashcards
Word
Defintion (Make sure to note the time period if possible)
“Spoils System”
The practice of winning candidates rewarding their supporters with government jobs
Nativism
Favoring the interests of native-born people over foreign born people
Nullification Crisis
South Carolina nullifed a tariff that perfered northern manufacturing over southern agricuulture
Tariff of Abominations
John C. Calhouns name for an 1828 tariff increase that seemed to souhterners to be enriching in hte north at their expense
Indian Removal Act/Trail of Tears
a law enacted in 1830 that forced native american peoples east of the Mississippi to move to lands in the west
Jackson’s Bank Veto
A law vetoed by Andrew Jackson which said the national bank was unconstitutional
Panic of 1837
a US financial crisis in which banks closed and the credit system collapsed resulting in many bankruptcies and high unemployment
The Whigs/Election of 1840 (2nd party system)
a political party formed in 1834 to oppose the policies of Andrew Jackson
The Whig Platform
An ideology that wanted protective tariffs that helped stop infrastructure growth, and supported the national bank
New Technology during Market Revolution
Some big ones were textile machines, steam engines, and agricultural inventions
Eli Whitney/Cotton Gin
A machine for cleaning the seeds from cotten fibres, invented by Eli Whitney.
John Deere/Steel Plow
A new plow that helped farmers cultivate crops more because it wasn’t made out of cast iron
Cyrus McCormick/Mechanical Reaper
Cyrus McCormick was a business man and inventor that created the McCormick Harvesting machine company
Samuel Morse/Telegraph
A device for the electrical transmission of coded messages over wires.
Market Revolution/Market Economy
The major changes in the U.S. economy produced by peoples beginning to buy and sell goods rather than make for themselves.
The Lowell System
A labor-production model that helped with the rise of the texilie industry, being employed during the era of the industrial revolution
Second Great Awakening
a 19th century reigious movement in which indiviual resposibility for seeking salvation was emphaised, along with the need for personal and social involvment.
Transcendentalism / Emerson and Thoreau
A philosophical and literary movement of the 1800s that emphasized living a simple life and celebrated the truth found in nature and in personal emotion and imaganition.
Temperance
An organized effort to prevent the drinking of alcholic beverages.
Cult of Domesticity
A belief that married women should restrict their activiies to their homes and family.
Seneca Falls Convention
A womens rights convention held iin Seneca Falls, New York, in 1848.
Nat Turner
Black slave who led the Turner rebellion in 1831, one of the deadliest rebellions against slave owners.
Frederick Douglass
Frederick Douglass was a former slave turned activist who played a major part in the abolition of slavery
Sojourner Truth
Sojourner Truth was a former slave who was a vary large activist for civil rights and womens rights
Manifest Destiny
A belief or doctirence of the United States during the 19th century that it was destined to expand through the American Continents
Texas Revolution
The 1836 rebellion in which Texas gained its independence from Mexico.
Mexican-American War/ Causes
The Mexican-American War was a war fought between Mexico and America for the Texas territory
Wilmot Proviso
An amendment to an 1846 military appppropriations bill, proposing that none of the territory acquired in the war with Mexico would be open to slavey.
Popular Sovereignty
A system in which the residents vote to decide an issue.
Uncle Tom’s Cabin/Harriet Beecher Stowe
Uncle Tom’s Cabin was a book published in the 1800’s that helped spread light to the issue of slavery in America during that time period to the normal person
Kansas Nebraska Act
A law, enacted in 1854, that established the terrotiroes of Kansas and Nebraska and gave their residents the right to decide whether to allow slavery.
“Bleeding Kansas”
A name applied to the Kansa Territory in the ears before the CIvil War, when the territory was a battleground between proslavery and antislavery forces.
John Brown/ Harper’s Ferry
Harpers Ferry was a revolt led by John Brown as a stand against slavery and slave holders
Brooks-Sumner Incident
May 22, 1856, Representative Preston Brooks, pro-slavery democrat would use a cane to attack Senator Charles Sumner, an abolitionist republican.
Dred Scott Decision
Dred Scott was a slave who escaped from his plantation, and then was sent back even though he escaped to a free state
Lincoln/Douglas Debates
A Series of seven debates between the Democratic senator Stephen A. Douglas and Republican affliate Abraham Lincoln
Emancipation Proclamation
An executive ordered issued by Abraham Lincoln on Janurary 1, 1863, freeing the slaves in all regions behind Confederate lines.
Sherman’s March/Total War
A military campaign conducted during the American Civil War through Georgia from November 15 up until December 21, 1864. The campaign was led by major general William Tecumseh Sherman.
13th Amendment
The Amendment that ended slavery in the US
The Freedman’s Bureau
A federal agency set up to help former slaves after the Civil War.
Radical Republicans
One of the congressinal Republicans who, after the Civil War, wanted to destory the poltiical power of the former slaveholders and to give African Americans full citizenship and the right to vote.
Black Codes
Laws that controlled and restricted African Americans/former slaves in the South following the end of the Civil War.
Civil Rights Act/14th Amendment
The amendment that ended segregations and the violation of citizens’ rights.
15th Amendment
The 15th Amendment gave African American men the right to vote.
Sharecropping
A system in which landowners give farm workers land, seed, and tools in return for a part of the crops they raise.
Carpetbaggers
A northerner who moved to the South after the Civil War
Scalawags
A white Southerner who joined the Republican Party after the Civil War.
Compromise of 1877
A series of congressional measure under which the Democracts agreed to accept the Republican candidate Rutherford B. Hayes as president, even though he had lost the popular vote. The measures included the withdrawal of federal troops from Southern states, federal money for improving Southern infrastructure, and the appointment of a conservative Southern cabinet memeber.
