Period 5

Question 1

Manifest Destiny (Late 1840s)

Answer 1

the idea that the United States is destined by God to expand its dominion and spread democracy and capitalism across the entire North American continent

Question 2

Manifest Destiny Motivations

Answer 2

-more access to minerals and natural resources
-california gold rush
-New economic and homesteading opportunities
-the government made land cheap so people bought it to farm
-Mormons faced religious persecution so they moved west

Question 3

Compromise of 1850

Answer 3

-admission of California as a “free state”

-provided for a territorial government for Utah and New Mexico,

-The disputed territory between texas and new mexico becomes new mexican.

-abolition of slave trade in Washington, DC

-Mexican Cession (New territory) was up to popular sovereignty (people decide if they are free or slave states.)

-amended the Fugitive Slave Act. Anyone in the north that found a fugitive/runaway slave is forced to return them back to their master

Question 4

Northern Democrats

Answer 4

-represented by Stephen Douglas
- Wanted slavery question answered by popular sovereignty

Question 5

Southern Democrats

Answer 5

-represented by John Breckinridge
- Wanted slavery and new territories protected by a federal slave code
- Once territories became states, then they could decide by popular sovereignty

Question 6

Republicans

Question 7

Whig Party

Question 8

Free Soil Movement

Answer 8

-composed of northern democrats and whigs

-wanted new territories to be the dominion of free laborers (white people should move, free of slavery)

-opportunities of the west should be white only

-prevent the spread of slavery

-contrast members of the party: abolitionists

Question 9

Mexican American War (1846-48)

Answer 9

1. Mexico needed more laborers so they called for American immigrants
2. These American immigrants brought slaves, which was against Mexico’s laws.
3. There was a war between Texans (Americans in texas) and Mexico because the Texans did not want to give up their slaves.
4. Texas became independent and then became annexed by the US

Question 10

Mexican Cession (1848)

Answer 10

1. USA wanted to buy California but Mexico said no
2. President James Polk sends troops to the border of Texas and Mexico (Military intimidation)
3. A war starts between the US because America provoked it.
4. Polk says to congress “american blood was spilled on american soil” to gain support from Congress.
5. US gained southwest territory (California, Nevada, Utah, Arizona) mexican cession territory

Question 11

California Gold Rush (1849)

Answer 11

Many people immigrated to the California territory for the gold mining business and the question of slavery or free state was raised. The wanted to be annexed as a free state but he Missouri Compromise line cut it in half .

Question 12

Nativist Movement (1830s)

Answer 12

There was an anti-catholic nativist movement. (A policy of protecting the interests of native-born people against the interests of immigrants) The Irish faced persecution because they were catholic Christians and not protestant Christians.

Question 13

Raid on Harper’s Ferry (1859)

Answer 13

John Brown was an abolitionist. He believed that the only way for America to be free from slavery was a slave uprising. He devised a plan to steal weapons, arm enslaved folk, and ignite an armed rebellion. The Southerners saw the raid as symbolic of what the abolitionist’s real goal was. They thought that northerners wanted to incite a race war in which white southerners would suffer.

Question 14

Kansas-Nebraska Act (1854)

Answer 14

-split the new territory into Kansas and Nebraska
-popular sovereignty for slave or non-slave states.
-This overturned the compromise of 1820

Question 15

Bleeding Kansas (1855-1859)

Answer 15

-Voting for whether Kansas would be a slave or free state was taking place and caused animosity.
-Both sides fought each other to gain the upper hand and have the most votes.
-The voting was fraudulent because pro-slavery people from Missouri flooded into the Kansas borders and voted.

Question 16

Dred Scott Case (1857)

Answer 16

Dred Scott was an enslaved man from Missouri and he was taken by his master to live in Illinois and Wisconsin. He sued his master for freedom because he had been living in nonslave states for two years.

Chief Justice Roger Taney who was a southern democrat, along with the majority of the court decided against Scott’s argument because he was a slave and had no right to sue in federal court. It raised tension because it meant that every state would technically be open to slavery.

Question 17

Election of 1860

Answer 17

Democrat: Stephen Douglas

Republican: Abe Lincoln (Free soil movement)

Lincoln won the election without a single electoral vote from the Southern States.

Declared the south powerless

Question 18

December of 1860

Answer 18

South Carolina succeded from the union

Question 19

Border States

Answer 19

states that had slaves but did not seceed from the union
-Missouri, Kentucky, Maryland, & Delaware

Question 20

Union War Strategies

Answer 20

1. blockade cut off of South’s supplies around the southern borders and coasts
2. control the Mississippi River and split the south (east and west)
3. Union troops gain control of the Confederate capital

Question 21

Emancipation Proclamation (1863)

Answer 21

Abraham Lincoln stated that all slaves in states that seceded from the union would become free. This did not free slave states in the union or the Confederacy.

Question 22

Northern Draft (1863)

Answer 22

In order to gain the upper hand in the Civil War, the North drafted soldiers for the war.
- rich people could pay to be replaced
- Many people didn’t actually care about slavery so they didn’t want to fight and lose their life for it.

Question 23

Andrew Jackson

Answer 23

• Abraham Lincoln’s vice president
• He encouraged Southern sympathizers to vote for Lincoln and strengthened his campaign
• Once Lincoln was assassinated, he showed his southern roots. He did not believe in racial equality so he vetoed the first civil rights act that made African Americans citizens. Congress overturned his veto and it still passed.

Question 24

Black Codes

Answer 24

Because Andrew Johnson was lenient as president, southern state governments passed laws to limit the opportunities of African Americans, especially forcing many to only be able to work in the fields.
- arrested for being homeless
- arrested for being unemployed

Question 25

Race Riots (1866)

Answer 25

Many people did not like the black population because of job competition. They wanted to prevent black people from voting or running for office.

This caused radical republicans to want to form a solution.

Question 26

Reconstruction Amendments (1865, 1866, 1869)

Answer 26

13th Amendment - Bans slavery (except as a punishment for a crime)
14th Amendment - Defines citizens and grants equal protection under the law for all citizens
15th Amendment - Gives black men the right to vote

Question 27

Freedmen’s Bureau (1865)

Answer 27

-Created by congress after the Civil war

-Goal was to provide food, clothing, medicine, legal services, and immediate financial aid in some cases (for everyone, not just former slaves)

-Established hospitals and schools for all so black Americans had access to education

-Howard University was established and named after the head of the Freedmen’s Bureaus

Question 28

Carpetbagger

Answer 28

someone from the north that came to the south to support the republican plan for reconstruction (usually a teacher or businessman)

Question 29

Scalawag

Answer 29

White southerner that supported reconstruction

Question 30

Ulysses S. Grant Presidency (1869-1877)

Answer 30

-Was a union war hero
-elected by black men because of new voting rights
-his advisors made poor choices. His presidency had corruption.

Question 31

Year of 1873

Answer 31

-Economic depression in the south because the price of cotton decreased (countries found other places to get it during the civil war)

-Colfax, Louisiana Massacre (1873): Black militia tried to protect a local black government courthouse but 3 white supremacist groups surrendered the courthouse and murdered the black men.

-Northerners are becoming desensitized to violence on African Americans.

Question 32

Election of 1876 (Rutherford B. Hayes-Republican vs. Samuel Tilden)

Answer 32

-Tilden won the popular vote but Rutherford won the electoral votes.

Question 33

Compromise of 1877

Answer 33

• If Republicans won, they would remove federal troops from the south and leave them to continue reconstruction on their own. This ended reconstruction and led to the Jim Crow Era.

Question 34

Sharecropping

Answer 34

Black Americans worked out a deal with their former slave masters. They farmed plots of the master’s land. They did not get a salary. They got to keep a portion or a “share” of the crops harvested. It caused many black Americans to remain poor.