Period 4 Vocab (part 1) Flashcards

1
Q

Absolutism

A

Concept of government developed during rise of nation-states during the 17th century; featured monarchs who passed laws without parliaments, appointed professionalized armies and bureaucracies, established state churches, and imposed state economic policies
Ex. Louis XIV of France

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2
Q

Divine Right

A

The idea that monarchs are God’s representatives on earth and are therefore answerable only to God.

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3
Q

Parliamentary Monarchy

A

Originated in England and the Netherlands in the 17th century. Kings are partially checked by significant legislative powers in parliaments.

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4
Q

Proletariat

A

Class of working people who do not own property, typically manufacturing workers, paid laborers in agricultural economy, or urban poor. A product of economic changes of the 16th and 17th centuries in Europe.

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5
Q

Ethnocentrism

A

Regarding one’s own race or cultural group as superior to others.

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6
Q

Conquistador

A

The Spanish soldiers, explorers, and fortune hunters who took part in the conquest of the Americas in the 16th century.

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7
Q

Colonialism

A

Control by one power over a dependent area or people.

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8
Q

Viceroy

A

Member of the nobility appointed to rule a country or province as the deputy of the sovereign - means in place of the king.

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9
Q

Colombian Exchange

A

Global transfer of foods, plants, and animals during the colonization of the Americas.

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10
Q

Hegemony

A

The predominant influence, as of a state, region, or group, over another or others.

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11
Q

Janissaries

A

Ottoman infantry divisions that dominated Ottoman armies; had a great deal of political influence after the 15th century.

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12
Q

Devshirme

A

In the Ottoman Empire, the practice of taking children from conquered Christian peoples to be trained as Muslin soldiers.

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13
Q

Shah

A

“King,” title of the Mughal rulers.

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14
Q

Vizier

A

Head of the Ottoman bureaucracy; after the 15th century often more powerful than the Sultan.

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15
Q

Harem

A

The women in a Muslin household, including the mother, sisters, wives, concubines, daughters, entertainers, and servants; the Ottoman sultans had large harems.

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16
Q

Sati, Suttee

A

Hindu ritual in India of immolating (sacrificing) surviving widows with the bodies of their deceased husbands.

17
Q

Tsar, Czar

A

Russian emperor (from the Roman title Caesar)

18
Q

Boyars

A

Landowning nobles in Russia; had less power than their Western European counterparts.

19
Q

Cossacks

A

Peasants recruited to migrate to lands in the southern parts of Russia; combined agriculture with military conquest.

20
Q

Westernization

A

To influence with ideas, customs, practices, etc. of Western Europe.

21
Q

Multinational State

A

An empire composed of many nations, nationalities, ethnic groups, cultures, religions, etc.
Ex. Russia, Ottoman Empire