Period 3: 1754-1800

Question 1

Seven Years War

Answer 1

1754-63; France & Britain. Determined control of the colonial territory of North America. British won.

Question 2

Albany Plan of Union

Answer 2

Called to recognize the need for coordinating colonial defense. Provided for an intercolonial government & a system for recruiting troops and collecting taxes. Never took affect.

Question 3

Fall of Salutary Neglect

Answer 3

Salutary Neglect was abandoned as the British adopted more forceful policies for taking control of their expanded domnions.

Question 4

Pontiac’s Rebellion

Answer 4

1763; Natives angered by growing westward movement of European settlers.

Question 5

Proclamation of 1763

Answer 5

Prohibited colonists from settling west of the Appalachian Mountains in an effort to stabilize the western frontier. British hoped it would prevent future conflicts with Natives & secure the fur trade.

Question 6

Sugar Act

Answer 6

1764; Placed duties on foreign sugar and certain luxuries. Main purpose was to raise money for the crown.

Question 7

Stamp Act

Answer 7

1765; Required that revenue stamps be placed on most printed papers. First direct tax.

Question 8

Stamp Act Congress

Answer 8

Formed by representatives from 9/13 colonies & resolved that only their own elected representatives had the legal authority to approve taxes.

Question 9

Declaratory Act

Answer 9

1766; Asserted that Parliament had the right to tax and make laws for the colonies “in all cases whatsoever.”

Question 10

Townshend Acts

Answer 10

1767; New duties be collected on colonial imports of tea, glass, and paper.

Question 11

Letters From a Farmer in Pennsylvania

Answer 11

John Dickinson: wrote that Parliament could regulate commerce but argued that the idea of no taxation without representation was an essential principle of English law.

Question 12

First Continental Congress

Answer 12

1774; Intolerable Acts led to this convention. Purpose was to respond to what was viewed as threats from Britain.

Question 13

Effects of the First Continental Congress

Answer 13

1) Endorsed Suffolk Resolves.
2) Passed the Declaration and Resolve.
3) Created the Continental Association.

Question 14

Bunker Hill

Answer 14

1775; American colonists wanted to separate from Britain. Confirmed that any reconciliation with England & the colonies was NO LONGER possible.

Question 15

Second Continental Congress

Answer 15

1775; Delegates mainly from New England thought the colonies should declare their independence. Middle colonies hoped conflict could be resolved by negotiating a new relationship with Britain.

Question 16

Common Sense

Answer 16

Thomas Paine: argued for the rights of colonies becoming independent states and breaking all political ties with the British monarchy.

Question 17

Declaration of Independence

Answer 17

1776; Listed grievances against George III’s government and expressed the basic principles that justified revolution.

Question 18

Saratoga

Answer 18

1777; Goal was to cut off New England, but troops were attacked. American victory persuaded France to join in the war against Britain. France secretly aided Americans.

Question 19

Effect of Saratoga

Answer 19

French alliance proved a decisive factor in the American struggle for independence because it widened the war and forced the British to divert military resources away from America.

Question 20

Treaty of Paris

Answer 20

1783; Britain would recognize the existence of the U.S. as an independent nation. Americans would pay debts owed to British merchants and honor loyalist claims for property confiscated during the war.

Question 21

Seperation of Power

Answer 21

1) Legislative powers to an elected two-house legislature.
2) Executive powers to an elected governor.
3) Judicial powers to a system of courts.

Question 22

Effects of the Articles of Confederation (Positive)

Answer 22

1) Winning the war.
2) Land Ordinance of 1785.
3) Northwest Ordinance of 1787.

Question 23

Effects of the Articles of Confederation (Negative)

Answer 23

1) Financial.
2) Foreign.
3) Domestic.

Question 24

Women

Answer 24

Patriots & Loyalists depended on the support of women during the war. Most important contribution of women was in maintaining the colonial economy. Ran the family farms and businesses.

Question 25

Slavery

Answer 25

Continental Congress abolished the importation of enslaved people.

Question 26

Annapolis Convention

Answer 26

1785; Held by Washington to review what could be done about the U.S’. inability to overcome its problems.

Question 27

Great Compromise

Answer 27

1787; Resolved issue over Virginia Plan & New Jersey Plan. Provided for a two-house Congress.

Question 28

Senate

Answer 28

States would have equal representation.

Question 29

House of Representatives

Answer 29

States would be represented based on its population size.

Question 30

3/5 Compromise

Answer 30

Counted each enslaved person as 3/5 of a person for determining a state’s level of taxation and representation.

Question 31

Trade

Answer 31

North; wanted the central government to regulate interstate commerce & foreign trade.
South; afraid that export taxes would be placed on its agricultural products.

Question 32

Commercial Compromise

Answer 32

Allowed Congress to regulate interstate commerce and placing taxes on foreign IMPORTS, but prohibited taxes on EXPORTS.

Question 33

Judiciary Act of 1789

Answer 33

Established the Supreme Court with 1 chief justice and 5 associate justices. Provided for a system of 13 distinct courts and 3 circuit courts of appeals.

Question 34

Hamilton’s Financial Program

Answer 34

1) Pay off national debt at face value.
2) Protect the country’s infant industries & collect revenues while increasing tax on imports.
3) Create a national bank for depositing government funds & for stabilizing currency.

Question 35

Proclamation of Neutrality

Answer 35

1793; Signed by Washington since he believed the U.S. was not strong enough to engage in European war.

Question 36

Jay’s Treaty

Answer 36

1794; Britain agreed to evacuate its posts on the western frontiers. Many American supporters of France were upset.

Question 37

Whiskey Rebellion

Answer 37

1794; Hamilton persuaded Congress to pass excise taxes on the sale of Whiskey. Goal was to make up revenue lost because taxes were lower than expected. Farmers could not afford so they rebelled.

Question 38

Pinckney’s Treaty

Answer 38

1795; Spain agreed to open the lower Mississippi River and New Orleans to American trade.

Question 39

XYZ Affair

Answer 39

1797-8; Caused by Jay’s Treaty. Treaty was meant to prevent war between U.S. & Britain by not letting the U.S. trade with countries like France.

Question 40

Alien & Sedition Acts

Answer 40

1798; Passed by Federalists. Let president deport aliens considered dangerous.

Question 41

Kentucky & Virginia Resolutions

Answer 41

1799; Both declared that states had entered into a compact in forming the national government, & therefore if any act of the federal government broke the compact, a state could nullify the federal law.