Period 2: 1607-1754

Question 1

Corporate Colonies

Answer 1

Jamestown; operated by joint-stock companies.

Question 2

Royal Colonies

Answer 2

Virginia (after 1624); under direct authority of the king’s government.

Question 3

Proprietary Colonies

Answer 3

Maryland & Pennsylvania; under the authority of individuals granted charters of ownership by the king.

Question 4

Plymouth & Massachusetts Bay

Answer 4

Religious motivation was the main force behind the settlement. Both settled by Protestants.

Question 5

Separatists

Answer 5

Radical dissenters to the church of England, wanted to organize a separate church that was independent of royal control.

Question 6

Puritans

Answer 6

Moderate dissenters who wanted to purify the Church of England and believed it could be reformed.

Question 7

The Great Migration

Answer 7

1630: A civil war in England that drove many settlers to the Massachusetts Bay colony.

Question 8

House of Burgesses

Answer 8

1619: Organized by Virginia colonists, was the first representative assembly in America.

Question 9

The Mayflower Compact

Answer 9

Document signed by pilgrims that pledged them to make decisions by the will of the majority.

Question 10

Act of Toleration

Answer 10

1649: First colonial statue granting religious freedom to all Christians, but called for the death of anyone who denied the divinity of Jesus.

Question 11

Indentured Servants

Answer 11

Young people from the British isles who agreed to work 4-7 years for a master in return for room and board.

Question 12

Bacon’s Rebellion

Answer 12

1676-7: Nathaniel Bacon resented the political and economic control in the Chesapeake area, and his army succeeded and burned Jamestown.

Question 13

Effects of Bacon’s Rebellion

Answer 13

Highlighted class differences between wealthy planters and poor farmers, and colonial resistance to royal control.

Question 14

Rhode Island

Answer 14

1636: Roger Williams. Recognized the rights of Natives and paid them for the use of their land. Allowed Catholics, Quakers, and Jews.

Question 15

Anne Hutchinson

Answer 15

Dissenter who questioned the doctrines of Puritan authorities. Believed in antinomianism.

Question 16

Connecticut

Answer 16

1636: Thomas Hooker. Established a representative government consisting of a legislature elected by popular vote and a governor chosen by that legislature.

Question 17

New England Confederation

Answer 17

1643-84; Military alliance between Plymouth, Massachusetts, Connecticut, & New Haven.

Question 18

Effects of the New England Confederation

Answer 18

Ended in 84 when colonial rivalries & renewed control by the English monarch brought it to an end.

Question 19

King Philip’s War

Answer 19

1675-6; Natives’ last effort to avoid recognizing English authority and stop settlement on their land.

Question 20

Effects of King Philip’s War

Answer 20

Colonial forces won, thus ending most Native resistance in New England.

Question 21

Quakers

Answer 21

Believed in the equality of all men and women, nonviolence, & resistance to military service.

Question 22

Mercantilism

Answer 22

Looked upon trade, colonies, and the accumulation of wealth as the basis for a country’s military and political strength. Colonies were to provide to the mother country (England).

Question 23

Acts of Trade and Navigation

Answer 23

1650-73; Established 3 rules for trade; 1) trade to and from the colonies could be carried only by English ships, 2) all goods imported into the colonies had to pass ports in England, 3) specified goods from the colonies could be exported to England only.

Question 23

Effects of the Acts of Trade and Navigation (1)

Answer 23

Caused New England shipbuilding to prosper, provided Chesapeake tobacco with a monopoly in England, & provided English military forced to protect colonies from potential French/Spanish attacks.

Question 24

Effects of the Acts of Trade and Navigation (2)

Answer 24

Limited the development of colonial manufacturing, forced Chesapeake farmers to accept low prices for their crops, & caused colonists to pay high prices for manufactured goods from England.

Question 25

Reduced Migration

Answer 25

Increase in wages in England reduced the supply of immigrants to the colonies.

Question 26

Increased Demand for Slaves

Answer 26

Large plantation owners thought slavery would provide a stable labor force under their control, opposed to indentured servants who had political demands.

Question 27

Cheap Labor

Answer 27

As tobacco prices fell, indigo became the most profitable crop, and it reqiured a large land area and inexpensive workers (slaves).

Question 28

Slave Laws: 1641

Answer 28

Massachusetts became the first colony to recognize the enslavement of “lawful” captives.

Question 29

Slave Laws: 1661

Answer 29

Virginia enacted legislation stating that children automatically inherited their mother’s enslaved status for life.

Question 30

Slave Laws: 1664

Answer 30

Maryland stated that white women could not marry African American and say nothing.