Period 2: 1607-1754 Patterns of Empire and Resistance Flashcards
Repartimiento system
replace encomienda system
banned Indian slavery now had wages
Many colonies replaced Indians with African slave labor
Viceroyalty of New Spain
Northern portion of Spanish America empire
in mexico city
Viceroyalty of Peru
southern portion of spanish america empire
How did the goal to spread catholicism evolve in Spanish America?
Indians often accepted Jesus
interwove catholic practices with their traditions
reshaped catholic practices
What was France’s relationship with native americans like?
-good relationship, relied on diplomacy w American Indian groups bc had few actual colonists in new world
-gave and recieved gifts (wampum belts)
-mixed lots of elements like religious practices, clothing, fort and trading post
Métis of French colonies
children of French intermarriage with American Indians (metis=mixed)
Dutch presence in the Americas
hard to get land because often beaten by rival European powers
-treaty of Breda allowed to capture British colony SURINAM after Second Anglo-Dutch War
Dutch expansion after capturing Surinam
expedition to N America…
1. funded by Dutch East India Company (joint stock)
2. led by HENRY HUDSON
results…
didn’t find a passage to Asia
reported an abundance of timber, fertile lands, and fur so were interested!
expanded and settled. most important was in New Amsterdam
economy of New Amsterdam
brought african slaves to address colonies’ labor shortage and became center of thriving trade in…
-beaver furs
what is the “$24 Deal”?
Peter Minuit’s purchase of the island of Manhattan for goods estimated to be worth $24
how did New Amsterdam become New York?
- thrived under Peter Stuyvesant
- King Charles ll of England wanted “Dutch wedge” (divided England’s landholding in the US)
- The king sent warships and Stuyvesant surrendered
- king gave the colony to James, the Duke of York who renamed it NEW YORK
the “starving time’
when first settlers arrived in Jamestown, didn’t plant crops and many died, “starving time” was the winter of 1609-1610
who was tobacco hugely profitable for?
Chesapeake Bay
john rolfe
began experimenting with growing tobacco and made it profitable in Jamestown
jamestown’s relations with local american indians
deterioated rapidly in early years of colony
1. powhatan (father of pocahontas) traded corn w settlers
2. then they couldn’t supply corn anymore and english initiated raids on them
3. they faught back
in the end…
worsened relationships between american indians and white settlers
Puritanism
beliefs of English protestants who wanted the church of England to be “purified” of catholic practices
some went further and became “separatists” who argued for complete separation from church
*Protestant reformation**
inspiration from calvinism
the “great migration”
more than 20k settlers came to the Massachusetts bay colony
families
wanted to build communities and were willing to labor
roger williams
founded rhode island which had separation of church and state in governance
he was concerned w puritan’s mistreatment toward natives and so he fled to create new colony
halfway covenant
concerns about decline of Puritan zeal led to this establishment
now, candidates for membership in the congregational church (puritan church) didn’t have to show they had undergone a conversion experience
headright system
for each person brought or came to america you get 50 acres of land
- encouraged ppl to travel to america
- first steps towards slavery
(indentured servants)
salutary neglect!!!
ignoring your colony
(led to whole indepence movement)
albany plan
- snake broken image “join or die”
-propoganda - calls for a conference to unite the colonies against france
-early sign of colonial unity
french and Indian war
war fought in the colonies between the English and the French for possession of the Ohio Valley area. The English won.
1. (7 years war)
result of war: ENGLAND
- expanded territory
- debt
- resentment and contempt
- increasing authority
results of war: americas
- united (fighting common enemy; french)
- westward expansion
- new colonial leadership; patrick henry, thomas jefferson, george washington
CAUSES of american independence movemetn
- Mercantilism
- Enlightenment Ideas
- Restrictive Laws passed by British
- Great Awakening
- Population Explosion and experiences of colonial self-rule
- French and Indian War
road to revolution
- started w lexington and concord
- battle at saratoga; turning point
- yorktown, VA; final battle where colonies won
