Period 2

Question 1

• One of the original 13 colonies and is established in the east coast, bordering the Atlantic Ocean
• Founded by Roger Williams , he purchased it from the Narragansett Indians & was founded to be the first white settlement in providence in 1636
• Roger Williams was previously banished from the Massachusetts colony bc of his advocacy of religous tolerance and the separation of church and state
• Rogers founded the colony for religious toleration, separation of church and state, and political democracy
• Attracted groups such as Jews,baptists and Quakers
• New England colonies

Answer 1

Providence, Rhode Island 1636

Question 2

• Titled agreement b/w the settlers of New Plymouth
• was the first governing document of Plymouth colony (it was an agreement to establish a government)
• male passengers of the mayflower (separatists, puritans, adventurer, and tradesmen)
• an agreement to bind colonists together

Answer 2

Mayflower compact 1620

Question 3

-is credited with the first successful cultivation of tobacco as an export crop in the colony of Virginia in 1611
- was married to Pocahontas to gain help of the quiakros w/ his tobacco crops.
- an early settler of north america

Answer 3

John Rolfe

Question 4

1609-1610
- a period where three quarters of the English colonists in Virginia died from starvation and other related diseases.
This could’ve been prevented tho
- if the colonists in Jamestown accept the Native American offering for food then they wouldn’t have starved
+ the colonist also didn’t realize that they were in a foreign country and didn’t think abt finding their own food. Since they had no supplies to feed the people, the colonists had to resort to cannibalism, eating mice, cats, dogs and other rodents

Answer 4

Starving time

Question 5

• A form of puritans (separatists) who wanted to break away from the Church of England. Emigrated to America as a safe haven and after negotiating hits from the Virginia company
• they believe the Church of England was too corrupt to save so they decided to give up on them and separate themselves from England church
• believes that god predestined to make the world, man and all things.
• they did the mayflower compact of 1620

Answer 5

Pilgrims

Question 6

-a series of hearings and prosecutions of people accused of witchcraft in colonial Massachusetts between January 1692 and May 1693. The trials resulted in the executions of twenty people, most of them women.
- significant in changing the court procedures (which included instituting rights to legal representation, cross-examination of accusers, and the presumption that one is innocent until proven guilty.)
- started because some group of lil girls decided to point fingers at one mf and claimed that they were possessed by the devil

Answer 6

Salem witch trials

Question 7

He’s a revivalist preacher, philosopher, and Congregationalist Protestant theologian.
- famous for his sermon “sinners in the hands of an angry god”
- his famous work expressed two themes (the absolute sovereignty of God and the beauty of God’s holiness.)
- participated in the great awakening

Answer 7

Jonathan Edwards

Question 8

He was a great preacher who had recently been an alehouse attendant. Everyone in the colonies loved to hear him preach of love and forgiveness because he had a different style of preaching. This led to new missionary work in the Americas in converting Indians and Africans to Christianity, as well as lessening the importance of the old clergy.

Answer 8

George whitefield

Question 9

• she’s a puritan who organized and led meetings to discuss the weekly sermons
  -one of the earliest American feminists, she was a spiritual leader in colonial Massachusetts who challenged male authority—and, indirectly, acceptable gender roles—by preaching to both women and men and by questioning Puritan teachings about salvation.
• Her actions resulted in her banishment from the colony, and later took part in the formation of Rhode Island. She displayed the importance of questioning authority.

Answer 9

Anne Hutchinson

Question 10

• the economic idea that a country’s wealth is measured by the amount of gold it owns. The goal of mercantilist economic policy is to export more goods than you import, so that you bring more money into the country than you send out to other nations
  Pt 2 def
• the economic theory that all parts of a nation’s or empire’s economy should be coordinated for the good of the whole state/empire; hence, that colonial economic welfare should be subordinated to that of the imperial power.
• acquiring colonies that could be a good source for the nation basically

Answer 10

Mercantilism

Question 11

• non-separatists who wished to adopt reforms to purify the Church of England. They received a right to settle in the Massachusetts Bay area from the King of England.
• members of a religious reform movement known as Puritanism that arose within the Church of England in the late 16th century. They believed the Church of England was too similar to the Roman Catholic Church and should eliminate ceremonies and practices not rooted in the Bible.
• they like education

Answer 11

Putrians

Question 12

• 1407-1763. England not strictly enforcing
  parliamentary lands
• basically left American colomies on their own be the
  British policy people started to ignore most of the
  Britich law.
• eventually leads to colonies to flourish as independent states, (autonomy) Also leads to the American
  revolution as the salutary Neslect gets worse
• This neglet ended as a consequences of the 7 year war b/w Indians+ the French (1755-1763), that put the british into debt
  -The purpose was to maximize economic output amongst the colonists while maintain some form of control.

Answer 12

Salutary neglect

Question 13

• the first elected general assembly in the colonies, paving the way for the democratic society formed during the Revolution(first legislative and democratic government in America). After a general assembly was established in Virginia, other English colonies demanded their own elected bodies of government.

Answer 13

Virginia house of burgesses, 1619

Question 14

• an armed conflict between Native American inhabitants of present-day southern New England and English colonists and their Native American allies.
  Def 2
  -1675 - A series of battles in New Hampshire between the colonists and the Wompanoags, led by Metacom, a chief also known as King Philip. The war was started when the Massachusetts government tried to assert court jurisdiction over the local Indians.
  Def 3 lol

-disastrous attempt by native american faux-alliance to regain dominance over tribal lands. Indication of growing indian fears regarding the white settlers. Also leads to cultural vandalism, brings Native Americans closer to the French; a series of battles in New Hampshire between the colonists and the Wampanoags, led by Metacom, a chief also known as King Philip. The war was started when the Massachusetts government tried to assert court jurisdiction over the local Indians. The colonists won with the help of the Mohawks, and this victory opened up additional Indian lands for expansion.

Answer 14

Metocom’s war (king Philip’s war)

Question 15

• 1637 Conflict between an alliance of Massachusetts Bay and Plymouth colonies, with American Indian allies (the Narragansett, and Mohegan Indians), against the Pequot Indians. This war saw the elimination of the Pequot in New England, and is exemplary of the Puritan use of genocide towards Native Americans.
  -it established a pattern for English policy towards natives.

Answer 15

Pequot war 1636

Question 16

• Quakerism (also known as the Society of Friends) began in England, much the same as Puritanism. Quakers found religious refuge in the colonies from the authoritarian rule of the Anglican Church; but the rise in Quakerism’s popularity in New England was not met kindly by Puritans.
• has their own colony under Quaker penn
  -rejected elaborate religious ceremonies, didn’t have official clergy and believed in spiritual equality for men and women. Quaker missionaries first arrived in America in the mid-1650s. Quakers, who practice pacifism, played a key role in both the abolitionist and women’s rights movements

Answer 16

Quakers

Question 17

-A system of bondage in which a slave has the legal status of property and so can be bought and sold like property.

Answer 17

Chattel bondage

Question 18

-originally created in 1618 in Jamestown
- The headright system was a land grant program designed to attract settlers. Tracts of land called “headrights” were offered to settlers who would come and work the land. A typical headright was 50 acres
- With the emergence of tobacco farming, a large supply of workers was needed
- this system encourages indentured servitude
-

Answer 18

Headright system

Question 19

• People who could not afford passage to the colonies could become indentured servants. Another person would pay their passage, and in exchange, the indentured servant would serve that person for a set length of time (usually seven years) and then would be free.
  -This system provided incentives for both the master and servant to increase the working population of the Chesapeake colonies.

Def 2 ..?

• individuals who bargained away their labor for a period of four to seven years in exchange for passage to the New World

Answer 19

Indentured servitude

Question 20

• was the largest slave revolt in the British colonies.
  -(sometimes called Cato’s Conspiracy or Cato’s Rebellion) was a slave rebellion that commenced on 9 September 1739, in the colony of South Carolina. It was the largest slave uprising in the British mainland colonies, with 21 whites and 44 blacks killed.
  -it changed the face of slavery in Carolina, and had ramifications for other colonies as well.

Answer 20

Stono rebellion 1739

Question 21

-ensure freedom of religion for Christian settlers of diverse persuasions in the colony.
-Lawmakers hoped that it made Massachusetts a more desirable location for immigration and was the first law to protect religious freedom in the Thirteen Colonies.
- it paved the way for American freedom

Answer 21

Maryland toleration act, 1649

Question 22

an eighteenth-century movement in Western philosophy. It was an age of optimism, tempered by the realistic recognition of the sad state of the human condition and the need for major reforms. It was less a set of ideas than it was a set of attitudes.

• period making contrasting ideas of intellectual reasoning
• origins: late 1600’s and 1700’s Europeans believed human reason and science could be applied to society and laws of nature
• Western Europe and New World changed their view of life from God-centered to man-centered
• Scientific Revolution led to the Enlightenment
• successful: planetary movements, chemistry, vaccine for small pox, etc.

Answer 22

The enlightenment (effect on colonies)

Question 23

• the most serious challenge to royal authority before the American Revolution.
• an armed rebellion in 1676 by Virginia settlers led by Nathaniel Bacon against the rule of Governor William Berkeley.
• Caused by high taxes, low prices for tobacco, and resentment against special privileges given those close to the governor, Sir William Berkeley.
  The rebellion was precipitated by Berkeley’s failure to defend the frontier against attacks by Native Americans.

Answer 23

Bacon’s rebellion 1676

Question 24

• The Navigation Act of 1663: This Act required that all European goods that were to be sent to any of the colonies (including the 13 original) had to go through England first, in order to make sure that all foreign imports to the colonies were paying proper taxes on those goods.
• placed severe restrictions on colonial trade.

Answer 24

Navigation acts

Question 25

-the Pilgrims’ settlement, named by Captain John Smith; located in the Cape Cod area of Massachusetts; they’d escaped from religious persecution in England.
- Site of the first Thanksgiving in 1621. The first permanent European settlement in southern New England. Separatists were here.
- William Bradford wrote “ of Plymouth plantation “

Answer 25

Of Plymouth plantation (William Bradford)

Question 26

• Journalist who questioned the policies of the governor of New York in the 1700’s. He was jailed; he sued, and this court case was the basis for our freedom of speech and press. He was found not guilty.
• Why did the jury find Zenger not guilty? The jury said Zenger printed the truth.

Answer 26

Trial of Peter zenger 1736

Question 27

• series of bloody conflicts, occurring between 1640s and 1680s, during which the Iroquois fought the French for control of the fur trade in the east and the Great Lakes region

Answer 27

Beaver wars

Answer 28

John winthrops city upon a hill