Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Pedo 1 > Perio > Flashcards

Perio Flashcards

1
Q

True or false.. gingival related oral pathology is rare in children

A

False. It is relatively common

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Periodontal disease, most of the time, conditions are ___ with palliative care

A

Self-limiting

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is the most difficult step in treating perio problems in pedo pts?

A

Management of the parent

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What does this pt likely have?

Mom calls with report that 2 yo has been irritable, not eating, not sleeping well and slightly febrile. Gums have been red and swollen. Breath is terrible. Brushing has been exceptionally difficult last couple of days.

A

Primary hermetic gingivostomatitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Primary herpetic gingivostomatitis is caused by ____. It occurs in children younger than ___. It is transmitted via ___. Primary infection is usually ___.

A

Herpes simplex virus type 1

6

Direct contact

Asymptomatic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What does primary herpetic gingivostomatitis look like?

A

Discrete spherical gray vesicles

Hard palate, attached gingiva and oral mucosa

Blisters outside of lip, excoriation, bleeding

Generalized soreness and gingival erythema

Ruptured vesicles - focal site of pain

Irritability, generalized malaise

Pain upon swallowing. Refusal to eat

Fever

Cervical lymphadenopathy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

How long does primary herpetic gingivostomatitis typically last?

A

7-10 days

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

How do you treat primary herpetic gingivostomatitis?

A

Treatment is symptomatic and supportive

Bed rest, soft diet

Hydration is important

In severe cases, use systemic acyclovir (200mg for 5 days).

Remember that course is self limited to 7-10 days

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What does this pt likely have?

Mom calls with report that 4yo has not been eating well. Mom cannot look in the mouth very well without it hurting. No reports of fever or swelling. Brushing has been exceptionally difficult last couple of days.

A

Recurrent apthous ulcer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What things may cause a recurrent apthous ulcer?

A

Genetic predisposition

Systemic disease

Stress

Mechanical injuries

Hormones

Micro element deficiencies

Viral and bacterial infections

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

True or false.. RAUs are typically asymptomatic

A

False they are typically very painful

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Where do RAUs occur? What do they look like?

A

Buccal and labial mucosa and tongue and gingiva are commonly involved.

Discrete conquest lesions
Round to oval craterform base, raised and reddened margins.

Begin as single or multiple superficial erosion covered by grey membrane, surrounded by localized areas of erythema

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the treatment of a RAU?

A

Symptomatic and supportive

Use topical corticosteroid trimcinolone four times a day if severe

Nutritional diet

Maintenance of oral hygiene

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is a specially common location of RAUs in kids?

A

Buccal mucosa adjacent to lower molars

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What does this pt likely have?

Mom calls with report that 2 month old has white and red ares inside mouth. Mom thought it was just milk residue but when removed, it appeared reddish underneath. No reports of fever or swelling.

A

Acute candidiasis (oral thrush) (Candida albicans)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are some things that can cause oral candidiasis?

A

Illness

Corticosteroids

Stress

Antibiotics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What are two different types of acute candidiasis?

A

Pseudomembranous

Erythematous

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What does acute candidiasis look like?

A

Pearly white or bluish white plaque present on oral mucosa which may extend to circumoral tissues

Painless and noticed on careful evaluation

May be removed with little difficulty

Pt may complain of burning sensation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

True or false… acute candidiasis is painful

A

False

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is the treatment for acute candidiasis?

A

Nystatin - 1ml dropped into mouth for local action four times a day for infants and very young children

Clotrimazole lozenge (this works really well when the kids get older)

Systemic fluconazole suspension

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What does this pt likely have?

Mom calls with report that 14 month old is fussy and will not eat normally. Brushing has been difficult last couple of days. No swelling or fever reported. Mom wonders if teeth are coming in.

A

Eruption gingivitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

True or false… the erupting tooth causes gingivitis directly

A

False. Tooth eruption does not cause gingivitis, however there can be inflammation with plaque accumulation in the area

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Should the pt stop brushing if it is painful in eruption gingivitis?

A

No. Although eruption gingivitis causes secondary discomfort and inflammation caused by brushing friable areas, they shouldnt stop

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What is the treatment for eruption gingivitis?

A

Time

Improved oral hygiene

Chlorhexidine rinses in older kids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
What does this pt likely have? Mom calls with report that 8yo is fussy and experiences pain in the gums when eating or brushing. Child is sensitive when brushing in UL quad and bleeding noticed. The gums are swollen in sensitive area.
Acute inflammatory gingival enlargement. Could be tooth related, infection, or just gingiva related. Rule out trauma, caries, etc.
26
What is the clinical appearance of acute inflammatory gingival enlargement?
Localized, painful rapidly expanding lesion that is usually of sudden onset. Red swelling with smooth shiny surface becoming fluctuations Removal of substance and possible incision and drainage
27
What are some likely causes of acute inflammatory gingival enlargement?
Irritation from foreign substance embedded into gingiva Limited to the marginal gingiva or interdental papillae
28
Although most periodontal diseases peak in their destructive stages during ___, many of them have their inception during ___.
Middl age Childhood
29
True or false... the early detection and early treatment are important because the prevention of most periodontal diseases are relatively simple and very effective, providing lifetime benefits.
True
30
True or false.. plaque is necessary for bone loss.
True?
31
Describe the progression to periodontitis.
Periodontal health Accumulation of supragingival plaque Gingivitis Pocket formation and accumulation of sub-gingival plaque Periodontitis
32
The clinical and radiographic images of gingiva and periodontium in children and adolescents differ from those seen in adults because of..
The significant changes taking place during growth and development. The periodontium during childhood and puberty is in constant state of change owing to the exfoliation and eruption of teeth. This makes a general description of the normal periodontium difficult because it varies with age and patient.
33
How does the interdental area look in children and adults?
Children: saddle shaped Adults: papillary
34
What is the appearance of the gingival sulcus in children vs adults?
Children: newly erupted tooth sulcus depth is greater than deciduous predecessor Adults: 1-2mm
35
What is the difference in the appearance of attached gingiva in children vs adults?
Children: width increases with age with concomitant decrease in sulcus depth Adults: greater in adults
36
What is the difference of color of gingiva in children vs. adults?
Children: more reddish Adults: coral pink
37
What is the difference of contour of gingiva in children vs adults?
Children: rounded margin Adults: knife edge margin
38
What is the difference in consistency of gingiva in children vs. adults?
Children: flabby due to less CT density and lack of organized collagen fiber bundles Adults: firm and resilient
39
What is the difference in surface texture in children vs. adults?
Children: stippling absent until age 6 Adults: stippling present
40
True or false.. dental plaque induced gingival diseases are rare in children
False they are very common
41
Dental plaque-induced gingival disease have increased subgingival levels of what bacterial species?
Actinomyces Capnocytophaga Leptotrichia Selenomonas
42
Normal and abnormal fluctuation of hormone levels, including changes in ___ during ___, can modify the gingival inflammatory response to ___
Gonadotrophic hormone levels Onset of puberty Dental plaque
43
True or false.. alterations in insulin levels in patients with diabetes can affect gingival health
True
44
True or false... topical antibacterial agents can be useful for control of subgingval plaque
False. Supragingival plaque Consider systemic disease if no resolution despite efforts
45
____ medicaments have been given the ADA seal of acceptance for the control of gingivitis. The active ingredients of one product (listenine) are ___, ___, __, and ___. Active ingredients in the other two are ____, ___, and ___.
Three Thymol, menthol, eucalyptol, methyl salicylate Chlorhexidine*** , digluconate, triclosan
46
Aggressive periodontitis is more common in ___ than ___
Children Adolescents
47
The primary features of aggressive periodontitis include a history of ___ and ___ with ___. Secondary features include ___ abnormalities and ___ phenotype.
Rapid attachment and bone loss with familial aggregation Phagocyte Hyper-responsive macrophage
48
In young individuals, the onset of aggressive periodontitis is often ___. Aggressive periodontitis can be __ or ___.
Circumpubertal Localized or generalized
49
Localized aggressive periodontitis pts have ___ attachment loss on at least _______, with attachment loss on no more than ____ other than ___ and ___
Two permanent first molars and incisors Two teeth other than first molars and incisors
50
Bone loss around the ___ can be an early finding of localized aggressive periodontitis. It is possibly ____ but evidence is inconsistent. Occurs in children and adolescents without clinical evidence of ___.
Primary teeth Self-limiting Systemic disease
51
What is the prevalence of localized aggressive periodontitis. In which race is it markedly greater in?
0.2% African American populations (2.5%)
52
True or false... the supragingival dental plaque of calculus can be variable in localized aggressive periodontitis.
True
53
Bacteria of probable etiologic importance of localized aggressive periodontitis includes highly virulent strains of ____ in combination with ___. In some populations, ___ have been associated with the presence of LAGP. To date, however, no single species is found in all cases of LAGP.
Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans Bacteroides-like species Eubacterium
54
What is the single species found in all cases of LAGP?
There is none
55
In localized aggressive periodontitis, a variety of functional defects have been reported in ___ form pts with LAGP.
Neutrophils
56
Generalized aggressive periodontitis (GAgP) pts exhibit generalized interporximal attachment loss including at least ___ that are not ___.
At least three teeth that are not first molars and incisors
57
GAgP is considered to be a disease of ___.
Adolescents and young adults. However, it can begin at any age and often affects the entire dentition
58
GAgP is typically found with marked periodontal inflammation with __ accumulations of plaque and calculus
Heavy
59
___ from pts with GAgP frequently exhibit suppressed __ as observed in LAGP, which suggests a relationship between the two variants of aggressive periodontitis.
Neutrophils Chemotaxis
60
What are some things common between LAgP and GAgP?
Lack of chemotaxis in neutrophils Alterations in immunologic factors such as immunoglobulins Protective antibody response is altered by genetics, environment (smoking, bacterial infection)
61
What is the treatment of aggressive periodontitis?
Early diagnosis Directing therapy against the infecting microorganisms Providing an environment for healing that is free of infection Possible combination of surgical and non-surgical root debridement in conjunction with antimicrobial therapy Effective antibiotics
62
What are some effective antibiotics used to treat aggressive periodontitis?
Tetracycline Metronidazole Amoxicillin
63
Chronic periodontitis is most prevalent in __ but can also occur in ___
Adults Children/adolescents
64
What is the difference between localized chronic periodontitis and generalized chronic periodontitis?
Localized = <30% of dentition Generalized = >30% of dentition
65
Chronic periodontitis has a ___ rate of progression that may include periods of ___
Slow to moderate Rapid destruction
66
Severity of disease of chronic periodontitis can be mild (CAL = ___), moderate (CAL = ___), or severe (CAL = ___)
1-2mm 3-4mm >5mm
67
What can cause early loss of intact teeth?
Hypophosphatasia
68
What medications can cause gingival hyperplasia?
Anti-seizure drugs (phenytoin) Calcium channel blockers (nifedipine) Cyclosporine
69
What are common associated systemic diseases with periodontitis
Papillon lefevre syndrome Cyclic neutropenia Agranulocytosis Down syndrome Hypophosphatasia Leukocyte adherence deficiency Drug induced gingival enlargement
70
____ is a specific form of periodontitis associated with systemic disease. In type __ diabetics, 11 -18 years of age, ___% were found to have overt periodontitis often localized to first molars and incisors.
Diabetes-associated periodontitis 1 10%
71
Defects in ___ and ___ function associated with systemic increase the susceptibility to periodontitis and other infections.
Neutrophils Immune cell
72
In the ___ form of periodontitis, affected sites exhibit rapid bone loss and minimal gingival inflammation In the __ form, there is rapid bone loss around nearly all teeth and marked gingival inflammation
Localized Generalized
73
Describe the growth involved in drug induced gingival enlargement.
Growth starts as a painless, beadlike enlargement of the interdental papilla and extends to the facial and lingual margins. May interfere with occlusion
74
Describe the difference between mild, moderate, and severe drug induced gingival enlargement.
Mild = <1/3 clinical crown Moderate = 1/3-2/3 clinical crown Severe = >2/3 clinical crown (may need to do surgical correction if doesn't respond to other therapy)
75
Necrotizing periodontal disease is rare (less than 1 percent), but is seen in greater frequency (2-5%) in what populations?
Children and adolescents from developing areas of Africa, Asia, South America
76
What are the significant findings of necrotizing periodontal disease?
Punched out, crater like interproximal necrotic ulcersations Rapid onset of gingival pain and sometimes fever, sloughing of gingival tissue
77
What are the predisposing conditions for necrotizing periodontal disease?
Poor oral hygiene Viral infections (HIV) Nutrition deficiencies (vit B and C) Emotional stress Lack of sleep Variety of systemic diseases
78
What is the treatment of necrotizing periodontal disase?
Mechanical debridement (ultrasonic) with local anesthesia, oral hygiene instruction, careful follow-up If pt is febrile, antibiotics may be important adjunct to therapy.
79
What are the antibiotics of choice for treating necrotizing periodontal disease if pt is febrile?
Metronidazole Penicillin

Pedo 1 (14 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions