Lecture 2

Question 1

Tooth eruption is influenced by what 3 hormones?

Answer 1

Growth hormone

Parathyroid hormone

Thyroid hormone

Question 2

Each tooth starts to move toward occlusion at approximately the time of ____. It takes ___ years for permanent teeth to reach full occlusion after crown completion

Answer 2

Crown completion

5 years

Question 3

True or false… tooth emergence is more closely associated with the stage of root formation than with the skeletal age of the child

Answer 3

True

Question 4

By the time of clinical emergence of the tooth, approximately ____ of root formation has occurred with teeth reaching occlusion before the ___ is complete

Answer 4

3/4th

Root development

Question 5

The earlier primary teeth erupt, the (sooner/later) they will lose them and receive permanent teeth. The (slower/faster) they get the primary teeth they are a lot slower getting permanent teeth.

Answer 5

Sooner

Slower

Question 6

If extraction of the primary molars occurs after 5 years of age, there is a (decrease/increase) in the delay of premolars eruption.

Answer 6

Decrease.

Eruption of the premolars teeth is delayed in children who lose primary molars at 4 or 5 years of age or before.

Question 7

What are odontomas?

Answer 7

Composed of enamel, dentin, and pulp tissue.

Because of their slow growth and well differentiation, they are generally considered to represent harmartomas rather than true neoplasms

Question 8

True or false.. it is contraindicated for early removal of offending primary incisor even in spaced dentition when there is a lingual secondary incisors

Answer 8

False

Question 9

What are the symptoms of teething?

Answer 9

Increased salivation

Restlessness

Finger sucking

Gum rubbing

Perhaps loss of appetite

Question 10

True or false… teething may cause fever, convulsions, bronchitis, diarrhea, infection

Answer 10

False

Question 11

What teeth are most likely to be ankylosed?

Answer 11

Mandibular primary molars

Question 12

What is the first thing you should do to a permanent incompletely erupted molar?

Answer 12

Removal of soft tissue and bond covering the occlusal aspect of the crown, then the area should be packed with surgical cement to provide a pathway for the developing permanent tooth

Next, you should do a luxation technique by rocking it the tooth and repeated in 6 months. A delay in treatment may result in a permanently ankylosed molar.

Question 13

Down syndrome is one of the congenital anomalies in which ___ frequently occurs

Answer 13

Delayed eruption of teeth

Question 14

Down syndrome tend to have lower __ rates but higher __ rates

Answer 14

Decay

Gingivitis

Question 15

Why would you use a passive lingual arch appliance?

Answer 15

If the child lost their primary canines too early. . An abnormal lip musculature or oral habit can cause greater force on the mandibular incisors that can be compensated for by the tongue

Question 16

When should retained primary labial incisors be extracted?

Answer 16

If they haven’t naturally corrected by 8 years of age

Question 17

True or false.. it is acceptable to remove some soft tissue covering the teeth to facilitate eruption when teething

Answer 17

False.

Question 18

How soon do eruption hematomas form before eruption

Answer 18

A few weeks before eruption

Question 19

What are eruption sequestrum?

Answer 19

Tiny spicule of non viable bone overlying the crown of an erupting permanent molar just enforce or immediately after the emergence of the tips of the cusps through the oral mucosa

these arent a concern but may be removed

Question 20

True or false… most natal/neonatal teeth are not supernumerary teeth

Answer 20

True. They are actually the primary incisors

Natal teeth are often associated with syndromes like Pierre robin syndrome

Question 21

What are the differences between Epstein pearls, bohn nodules, and dental lamina cysts?

Answer 21

Epstein pearls - formed along the midpalatine raphe. Remnants of epithelial tissue

Bohn nodules - formed along buccal and lingual aspects of dental ridges and on palate away from the raphe. Remnants of salivary gland tissue

Dental lamina cysts - found on the crests of maxillary and mandibular dental ridges. Remnants of dental lamina

Question 22

True or false… ankylosis of the primary anterior teeth doesn’t usually happen unless there has been trauma

Answer 22

True

Question 23

Ankylosed teeth have a ___ sound opposed to a normal ___ sound upon percussion

Answer 23

Solid

Cushioned

Question 24

True or false… hypothyroidism is associated with premature eruption of teeth

Answer 24

False. Delayed eruption

Question 25

Tooth development can be seen as early as the ___ week of embryonic life

Answer 25

6th

Question 26

Congenital absence of a tooth is a result of a lack of ___ or an arrest in the __ of cells

Answer 26

Initiation Proliferation

Question 27

True or false... if the primary tooth fails to form, the permanent tooth will also fail to form

Answer 27

True. Because the permanent buds stem from the primary buds

Question 28

How are supernumerary teeth formed?

Answer 28

Result from continuing budding of the enamel organ

Question 29

The peripheral cells of the cap form the ___ and ___

Answer 29

Inner and outer enamel epithelium

Question 30

What happens if cells form the enamel epithelium become more fully differentiated or detached from the enamel organ?

Answer 30

They produce enamel and dentin which results in a odontoma or supernumerary tooth Sometimes they assume a secretory function common to epithelial cells and a cyst develops The degree of differentiation of the cells determines whether a cyst, odontoma, or supernumerary tooth

Question 31

Cells of the dental papillae differentiate into ____ Cells of the inner enamel epithelium differentiate into ___

Answer 31

Odontoblasts Ameloblasts

Question 32

What happens in the morphodifferentiation stage?

Answer 32

The formative cells are arranged to outline the form and size of the tooth This process happens before matrix deposition Outlines future dentino-enamel junction Disturbances and aberrations lead to abnormal forms and size of teeth

Question 33

____ is the result of a layer-like deposition of a nonvital extracellular secretion in the form of a tissue matrix

Answer 33

Appositional growth These cells deposit the enamel and dentin matrix in a definite pattern and at a definite rate

Question 34

The formative cells being their work at specific sites (in the apposition phase) referred to as ___

Answer 34

Growth centers

Question 35

Any systemic disturbance or local trauma that injures the ameloblasts can cause an interruption or an arrest in matrix apposition which causes ____

Answer 35

Enamel hypoplasia

Question 36

In dentin,The process of calcification begins with a small ___, further precipitation occurs around it

Answer 36

Nidus Eventually there is eventual fusion between the individual calcospherites into a homegnously mineralized layer of matrix

Question 37

The first macroscopic indication of morphological development occurs at approximately ___ weeks in utero.

Answer 37

11

Question 38

Excessive proliferation of cells in the cap stage can result in ___

Answer 38

Epithelial rests They may remain inactive or become activeated due to an irritation or stimulants. They may form cysts

Question 39

Failure of ameloblasts to differentiate properly is____ Failure of odontoblasts to differentiate properly is ___

Answer 39

Amelogenesis imperfecta Dentinogenesis imperfecta

Question 40

Disturbances in morphodifferntiation lead to abnormal forms and sizes of teeth resulting in things such as...

Answer 40

Peg laterals Microdontia Macrodontia

Question 41

What teeth calcify first in utero?

Answer 41

Maxillary and mandibular central incisor s

Question 42

When do lateral incisors begin to develop morphological characteristics? What about central incisors? What about canines?

Answer 42

Laterals -13-14 weeks Centrals - 11 weeks Canines - 14-16 weeks

Question 43

When do central incisors calcify? What about laterals? What about canines?

Answer 43

Centrals - 14 weeks Laterals - 16 weeks Canines 17 weeks

Question 44

When do the following teeth obtain their morphological shape? Mandibular first primary molar Maxillary first primary molar Mandibular second primary molar Maxillary second primary molar

Answer 44

Mandibular first primary molar - 12 weeks Maxillary first primary molar - 12.5 weeks Mandibular second primary molar - 12.5 weeks Maxillary second primary molar - 12. 5 weeks

Question 45

The work of Krause and Jordan indicates that the adjacent ___ and ___ undergo identical patterns of morphodifferentation but at different times

Answer 45

Second primary and first permanent molars

Question 46

Calcification of first permanent molars begins after ___ weeks in utero, some degree of calcification is always present at ___

Answer 46

28 Birth

Question 47

What is the calcification sequence?

Answer 47

``` Central First primary molar Lateral Canine Second primary molar First permanent molar ```

Question 48

The ___ width of the maxillary central crown is greater than the Cervico incisal length

Answer 48

Mesio-distal

Question 49

Developmental lines of the primary maxillary central incisor are usually not evident in the crown, thus the ___ surface is smooth. The incisal edge is nearly ___ even befor abrasion becomes evident

Answer 49

Labial Straight

Question 50

Which tooth has well-developed marginal ridges on the lingual surface and a distinctly developed Cingulum. The root of is conical

Answer 50

Primary maxillary central

Question 51

Maxillary lateral The length of the crown from the ___ to ___ edge is greater than the mesiodistal width

Answer 51

Cervical to incisal The outline is similar to maxillary central except the crown is smaller in dimensions

Question 52

The root outline of the maxillary lateral is similar to that of the central except it is ___ in proportion to the crown

Answer 52

Longer

Question 53

The crown of the maxillary canin is more ____ at the cervical region that are the incisors. And the ___ and ___ surfaces are more convex

Answer 53

Constricted Incisal Distal

Question 54

The maxillary canine has a long, slender, tapering root that is more than ____ of the crown

Answer 54

Twice the length The root is usually inclined dismally, apical to the middle third

Question 55

The mandibular central incisor is ___ than the maxillary central, but its ___ measurement is only 1mm less

Answer 55

Smaller Labiolingual

Question 56

The labial aspect of the mandibular central incisor presents a flat surface without developmental grooves. The lingual surface presents marginal ridges and a cingulum. The incisal edge is straight and bisects the crown ___. The root is approximately ___ the length of the crown.

Answer 56

Labiolingually Twice

Question 57

The outline of the mandibular lateral incisor is similar to that of the ___ but is somewhat ___ in all dimensions except ___. The lingual surface may have greater ___ between the marginal ridges. The incisal edge slopes toward the ___.

Answer 57

Mandibular central Larger Labiolingually Concavity Distal

Question 58

The form of the mandibular canine is similar to the maxillary canine except....

Answer 58

The crown is slightly shorter The root may be as much as 2mm shorter than that of the maxillary canine The mandibular canine is not as large labiolingually

Question 59

The greatest dimension of the maxillary first primary molar is at the ___ contact areas

Answer 59

Mesiodistal

Question 60

The ___ cusp of the maxillary first primary molar is the largest and sharpest. The ___ cusp is poorly defines, small, and rounded. The buccal surface is smooth, with little evidence of developmental grooves. The ___ roots are long slender and widely spread.

Answer 60

Mesiolingual Distolingual 3

Question 61

There is a considerable resemblance between the maxillary second primary molar and the ___

Answer 61

Maxillary first permanent molar There are two well defined buccal cusps with a devleopmental groove between them

Question 62

The crown of the ___ primary molar is considerably larger than the __ primary molar. The bifurcation between the buccal roots is close to the __ region. The lingual root is ___ compared to the other roots. The lingual surface has __ cusps, which are...

Answer 62

Second First Cervical Larger and thick 3 cusps.. mesiolingual (large), distolingual, cusp of carabelli On the occlusal surface a prominent oblique ridge connects the mesiolingual and distobuccal cusp

Question 63

What permanent tooth doesThe mandibular first primary molar resemble?

Answer 63

It doesn't resemble any permanent teeth

Question 64

The mandibular primary first molar has two distinct buccal cusps with the ___ being larger. It has a pronounced ___ convergence of the crown on the mesial aspect and __ outline present on the distal. The distal area of the tooth is ___ than the mesial.

Answer 64

Mesial Lingual Rhomboid Shorter It has long slender roots that spread considerably at the apical third

Question 65

What permanent tooth does the mandibular second primary molar resemble?

Answer 65

First permanent molar (just smaller)

Question 66

The primary mandibular second molar has three cusps about equal in size and two equal lingual cusps. It has long slender roots with characteristic flare mesiodistal lay in the middle and apical thirds.

Answer 66

... yep

Question 67

Do primary teeth have a smaller or larger crown:root ratio

Answer 67

Smaller. | Roots are longer

Question 68

The occlusal tables of primary molars are constricted ___ and much narrower ___ when compared to permanent molars

Answer 68

Buccolingually Mesiodistal

Question 69

The thickness of the enamel and dentin of primary teeth is approximately ___ of that of permanent teeth

Answer 69

Half

Question 70

The enamel rod direction in the cervical area is angled ___ compared with the ___ direction of permanent teeth

Answer 70

Occlusally Apical

Question 71

The pulp chambers of primary ___ molar teeth are normally larger than the pulp chambers of primary ___ molars

Answer 71

Mandibular Maxillary

Question 72

True or false... primary teeth are whiter/lighter in shade than permanent

Answer 72

True

Question 73

Why do you need to do better mechanical retention with primary teeth?

Answer 73

Bonding is more difficult