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Gastrointestinal - Anatomy/Embryology/Histology > Perineum > Flashcards

Perineum Flashcards

1
Q

What are the lateral, anterior, and posterior borders to the perineum?

A

Lateral: Ischial tuberosities
Anterior: pubic symphysis
Posterior: Coccyx

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2
Q

What is the greater vestibular gland also called? What is its role?

A

Bartholin gland

Secretes mucus on arousal

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3
Q

What are three anatomical features of the clitoris?

A

Crus
Prepuce
Glans

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4
Q

What structure supports the urethra and vagina?

A

Urogenital diaphragm

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5
Q

What is the perineal membrane and what does it connect to?

A

Thin sheet of tough deep fascia stretching between ischiopubic rami

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6
Q

What structures pass through the perineal membrane in men and women?

A

Men: Urethra
Women: Urethra and vagina

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7
Q

What space is formed by the superficial perineal fascia and the perineal membrane?

A

Superficial perineal pouch

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8
Q

What is the superficial perineal fascia a continuation of?

A

Superficial fascia of the anterior abdominal wall

also Colles’ fascia

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9
Q

What three structures converge on the perineal body?

A

Colles’ fascia
Perineal membrane
Pelvic diaphragm

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10
Q

What muscle lies immediately outside the vaginal walls?

A

Bulbospongiosus

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11
Q

What muscle connects the pubic symphysis and ischial tuberosities?

A

Ischiocavernosis

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12
Q

What muscle connects the ischial tuberosities to the perineal body?

A

Superficial transverse perineal muscle

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13
Q

What nerves supply sensation to the vaginal space?

A

Pudendal nerves

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14
Q

What arteries supply the superficial perneum?

A

Internal pudendal arteries

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15
Q

What is the function of deep, superficial, and transverse perineal muscles?

A

Fix perineal body and stabilize pelvic floor

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16
Q

What deep muscle surrounds both the urethra and vagina?

A

Sphincter urethrovaginalis

17
Q

Three muscles surround the urethra in a woman. Which muscle is superficial to the perineal membrane? Which are deep?

A

Superficial: Bulbospongiosus muscle
Deep: Sphincter urethrae, Sphincter urethrovaginalis

18
Q

What are four branches of the internal pudendal artery?

A

Internal pudendal -> Inferior rectal + Perineal -> Labial -> Clitoral

19
Q

What level of spinal nerve is the pundendal nerve?

A

S2, 3, 4

20
Q

Where do parasympathetics to this area pass through?

A

Inferior hypogastric plexus and/or visical/uterovaginal plexus

21
Q

Where should one direct local anesthesia if attempting a pudendal nerve block?

A

Ischial spine

22
Q

What forms Dartos fascia? Where is it located?

A

Formed by Camper’s and Scarpa’s fascia

Located superficially in penis and scrotum

23
Q

What layer of fascia is located deep to Dartos’ fascia in the penis?

A

Buck’s fascia

24
Q

What muscle surrounds the base of the penis?

A

Bulbospongiosus

25
Q

What structure connects the base of the glans to the foreskin?

A

Frenulum

26
Q

Which tissue surrounds the bulb of the penis?

A

Crus of the penis

27
Q

What structure connects the bulb of penis to the glans of penis

A

Corpus Spongiosum

28
Q

What envelops the corpus spongiosum in the penis?

A

Corpora cavernosa (together called Crura of penis)

29
Q

What muscles surround the erectile tissue of the penis?

A

Bulbospongiosus and ischiocavernosus

30
Q

What nerves come from the pudendal nerve in a male?

A

Pudendal -> Inferior rectal + Perineal -> Dorsal nerve of penis + Posterior scrotal nerves

31
Q

Where do the anterior scrotal nerves come from?

A

Ilioinguinal nerve

32
Q

Where does the deep dorsal vein of the penis drain?

A

Prostatic plexus and internal iliac veins

33
Q

What structure is the location of the deep artery of the penis?

A

Crura

34
Q

If the intermediate urethra is ruptured, what structure limits the drainage to the scrotum?

A

Perineal membrane

35
Q

If the penile urethra is ruptured, where does the blood drain?

A

Into the perineum (cannot go into lower abdomen or thigh)

36
Q

What structures are borders to the anterior recesses of the ischio-anal fossa?

A

Levator ani
Perineal membrane
Obturator internus muscle

Gastrointestinal - Anatomy/Embryology/Histology (6 decks)

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