Perineum

Question 1

What are the lateral, anterior, and posterior borders to the perineum?

Answer 1

Lateral: Ischial tuberosities
Anterior: pubic symphysis
Posterior: Coccyx

Question 2

What is the greater vestibular gland also called? What is its role?

Answer 2

Bartholin gland

Secretes mucus on arousal

Question 3

What are three anatomical features of the clitoris?

Answer 3

Crus
Prepuce
Glans

Question 4

What structure supports the urethra and vagina?

Answer 4

Urogenital diaphragm

Question 5

What is the perineal membrane and what does it connect to?

Answer 5

Thin sheet of tough deep fascia stretching between ischiopubic rami

Question 6

What structures pass through the perineal membrane in men and women?

Answer 6

Men: Urethra
Women: Urethra and vagina

Question 7

What space is formed by the superficial perineal fascia and the perineal membrane?

Answer 7

Superficial perineal pouch

Question 8

What is the superficial perineal fascia a continuation of?

Answer 8

Superficial fascia of the anterior abdominal wall

also Colles’ fascia

Question 9

What three structures converge on the perineal body?

Answer 9

Colles’ fascia
Perineal membrane
Pelvic diaphragm

Question 10

What muscle lies immediately outside the vaginal walls?

Answer 10

Bulbospongiosus

Question 11

What muscle connects the pubic symphysis and ischial tuberosities?

Answer 11

Ischiocavernosis

Question 12

What muscle connects the ischial tuberosities to the perineal body?

Answer 12

Superficial transverse perineal muscle

Question 13

What nerves supply sensation to the vaginal space?

Answer 13

Pudendal nerves

Question 14

What arteries supply the superficial perneum?

Answer 14

Internal pudendal arteries

Question 15

What is the function of deep, superficial, and transverse perineal muscles?

Answer 15

Fix perineal body and stabilize pelvic floor

Question 16

What deep muscle surrounds both the urethra and vagina?

Answer 16

Sphincter urethrovaginalis

Question 17

Three muscles surround the urethra in a woman. Which muscle is superficial to the perineal membrane? Which are deep?

Answer 17

Superficial: Bulbospongiosus muscle
Deep: Sphincter urethrae, Sphincter urethrovaginalis

Question 18

What are four branches of the internal pudendal artery?

Answer 18

Internal pudendal -> Inferior rectal + Perineal -> Labial -> Clitoral

Question 19

What level of spinal nerve is the pundendal nerve?

Answer 19

S2, 3, 4

Question 20

Where do parasympathetics to this area pass through?

Answer 20

Inferior hypogastric plexus and/or visical/uterovaginal plexus

Question 21

Where should one direct local anesthesia if attempting a pudendal nerve block?

Answer 21

Ischial spine

Question 22

What forms Dartos fascia? Where is it located?

Answer 22

Formed by Camper’s and Scarpa’s fascia

Located superficially in penis and scrotum

Question 23

What layer of fascia is located deep to Dartos’ fascia in the penis?

Answer 23

Buck’s fascia

Question 24

What muscle surrounds the base of the penis?

Answer 24

Bulbospongiosus

Question 25

What structure connects the base of the glans to the foreskin?

Answer 25

Frenulum

Question 26

Which tissue surrounds the bulb of the penis?

Answer 26

Crus of the penis

Question 27

What structure connects the bulb of penis to the glans of penis

Answer 27

Corpus Spongiosum

Question 28

What envelops the corpus spongiosum in the penis?

Answer 28

Corpora cavernosa (together called Crura of penis)

Question 29

What muscles surround the erectile tissue of the penis?

Answer 29

Bulbospongiosus and ischiocavernosus

Question 30

What nerves come from the pudendal nerve in a male?

Answer 30

Pudendal -> Inferior rectal + Perineal -> Dorsal nerve of penis + Posterior scrotal nerves

Question 31

Where do the anterior scrotal nerves come from?

Answer 31

Ilioinguinal nerve

Question 32

Where does the deep dorsal vein of the penis drain?

Answer 32

Prostatic plexus and internal iliac veins

Question 33

What structure is the location of the deep artery of the penis?

Answer 33

Crura

Question 34

If the intermediate urethra is ruptured, what structure limits the drainage to the scrotum?

Answer 34

Perineal membrane

Question 35

If the penile urethra is ruptured, where does the blood drain?

Answer 35

Into the perineum (cannot go into lower abdomen or thigh)

Question 36

What structures are borders to the anterior recesses of the ischio-anal fossa?

Answer 36

Levator ani Perineal membrane Obturator internus muscle