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anatomy > Perineum > Flashcards

Perineum Flashcards

1
Q

diamond-shaped area medial to the thighs and buttocks

A

The Perineum

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2
Q

Perineum borders

A

anteriorly by the pubic symphysis, laterally by the ischial tuberosities, and posteriorly by the coccyx

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3
Q

Anal canal passage

A

Downward & backward from rectal ampulla to anus

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4
Q

Anal canal relations

A

Posteriorly: anococcygeal body
Laterally: ischiorectal fossae

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5
Q

Anal canal anteriorly in male

A

the perineal body, the urogenital diaphragm, the membranous part of the urethra, and the bulb of the penis

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6
Q

Anal canal anteriorly in female

A

the perineal body, the urogenital diaphragm, and the lower part of the vagina

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7
Q

Upper half of anal canal mucous membrane

A

Hindgut entoderm

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8
Q

Upper half of anal canal lining

A

Columnar epithelium

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9
Q

Upper half of anal canal nerve supply

A

Hypogastric plexuses

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10
Q

Upper half of anal canal artery & vein

A

Superior rectal

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11
Q

superior rectal vein is a branch of

A

inferior mesenteric vein, and the portal vein

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12
Q

Upper half of anal canal lymphatic drainage

A

The pararecial modes

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13
Q

Lower half of anal canal mucous membrane

A

Ectoderm

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14
Q

Lower half of anal canal lining

A

Stratified squamous

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15
Q

How many anal columns in Lower half of anal canal

A

None

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16
Q

Nerve supply for Lower half of anal canal

A

Somatic inferior rectal nerve

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17
Q

Which part of anal canal sensitive to pain, temperature, touch & pressure

A

Lower half of anal canal

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18
Q

artial & vernal of Lower half of anal canal

A

Inferior rectal

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19
Q

Inferior rectal vein is a branch of

A

Internal pudendal vein

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20
Q

Lymph drainage of Lower half of anal canal

A

Medial group of superficial inguinal modes

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21
Q

Where does upper annal canal join the lower part

A

Pectinate line

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22
Q

Anal sphincters layers

A

Outer voluntary longitudinal
Inner involuntary circular

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23
Q

External sphincter parts

A

subcutaneous part: encircles the lower end of the anal canal and has no bony attachments
superficial part: attached to the coccyx behind and the perineal body in front
deep part: encircles the upper end of the anal canal and has no bony attachments

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24
Q

Anorectal ring

A

junction of the rectum and anal canal, the internal sphincter, the deep part of the external sphincter, longitudinal muscle,and the puborectalis muscles

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25
Q

can be felt on rectal examination

A

Anorectal ring

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26
Q

two levatores ani muscles blend with the deep part of the external sphincter

A

puborectalis fibers

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27
Q

isawedge- shaped space located on each side of the anal canal

A

The ischiorectal fossa

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28
Q

Medial wall of isChiorectal fossa

A

Sloping elevator ani & anal canal

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29
Q

Lateral wall of anal canal

A

lower part of the obturator internus muscle, covered with pelvic fascia

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30
Q

Ischiorectal fossa contain

A

Dense fat & the pudendal canal

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31
Q

Alcock canal contain

A

Pudendal nerve & internal pudendal vessels

32
Q

Pudendal nerve is a branch of

A

Sacral plexus

33
Q

Branches of pudendal nerve

A

Inferior rectal, dorsal nerve & perineal nerve

34
Q

Inferior recital nerve supply

A

external anal sphincter, the mucous membrane of the lower half of the anal canal, and the perianal skin

35
Q

Inferior rectal nerve runs _____ across the ischiorectal fossa

36
Q

Dorsal nerve supply

A

Penis or clitoris

37
Q

Perineal nerve supply

A

muscles in the urogenital triangle and the skin on the posterior surface of the scrotum (or labia majora)

38
Q

Internal pudendal artery branches

A

Inferior rectal & branches to the penis/labia/ clitoris

39
Q

Urgenital triangle border

A

front by the pubic arch and laterally by the ischial tuberosities

40
Q

Superficial fascia of urogenital triangle layers

A

Fatty & membranous

41
Q

Fatty layer of urogenital triangle superficial fascia is continuous with

A

Fat of the ischiorectal fossa & the superficial fascia of the thighs

42
Q

Fascia of camper in the scrotum

A

the fat is replaced by smooth muscle, the dartos muscle.

43
Q

Colles fascia borders

A

posteriorly to the posterior border of the urogenital diaphragm
• attached laterally to the margins of the pubic arch
• anteriorly it is continuous with the membranous layer of superficial fascia of the anterior abdominal
wall (Scarpa’s fascia).

44
Q

Membranous layer of urogenital triangle in the scrotum

45
Q

Superficial Perineal Pouch boundries

A

Inferiorly the membranous layer of superficial fascia
• superiorly inferior fascia of urogenital diaphragm
• closed behind by the fusion of its upper and lower walls.
• closed laterally by the attachment of its upper and lower walls to the margins of the pubic arch
• Anteriorly, the space communicates freely with the potential space lying between the superficial fascia of the anterior abdominal wall and the anterior abdominal muscles

46
Q

triangular musculofascial diaphragm situated in the anterior part of the perineum, filling in the gap of the pubic arch

A

urogenital diaphragm

47
Q

Urgenital diaphragm is formed by

A

sphincter urethrae and the deep transverse perineal muscles

48
Q

Posteriorly, the two layers of fascia of urogenital diaphragm fuse with

A
  1. Each other
  2. the membranous layer of the superficial fascia
  3. perineal body
49
Q

The closed space that is contained between the superior and an inferior layer of fascia of the urogenital diaphragm.

A

Deep perineal pouch

50
Q

Root of the clitoris

A

three masses of erectile tissue the bulb of the vestibule and the right and left crura.

51
Q

The bulb of vestibule divided into _______ because of the presence of the _____

A

two halves, vagina

52
Q

The bulb of the vestibule is covered by

A

bulbospongiosus muscles

53
Q

What does the Curia of clitoris becomes anteriorly

A

Corpora cavernous

54
Q

Crura of clitoris is covered by

A

Ischiscavernosus muscle

55
Q

two corpora cavernosa covered by their ischiocavernosus muscles form

A

Body of clitoris

56
Q

a small mass of erectile tissue that caps the body of the clitoris

A

Glans of the clitoris

57
Q

Glans of clitorisare partly hidden by what

58
Q

Contents of the Superficial Perineal Pouch in the Female

A

Root of the clitoris
• Bulbospongiosus muscles(2)
• Ischiocavernosus muscles(2)
• Superficial transverse perineal muscles(2)
• Perineal body
• Perineal branch of pudendal nerve: terminates in the superficial perineal pouch by supplying the muscles and skin
• Greater vestibular glands

59
Q

Where is the bulbospongious muscle attached

A

Corpora cavernous forward

60
Q

How does bulbospongious muscle assist in the mechanism of erection of clitoris

A

reduces the size of the vaginal orifice and compresses the deep dorsal vein

61
Q

posterior part of the superficial perineal pouch

A

Superficial transverse perineal muscles

62
Q

Superficial transverse perineal muscles function

A

fix the perineal body in the center of the perineum

63
Q

Perineal body of the _____ is larger

64
Q

wedge-shaped mass of fibrous tissue situated
between the lower end of the vagina and the anal
canal

A

Perineal body

65
Q

point of attachment of many perineal muscles
including the levatores ani muscles

A

Perinal body

66
Q

Greater Vestibular Glands function

A

secrete a lubricating mucus during sexual intercourse

67
Q

The deep perineal pouch contains

A

part of the urethra- part of the vagina- the
sphincter urethrae- the deep transverse perineal muscles- the internal pudendal vessels and their branches- the dorsal nerves of the clitoris.

68
Q

female uretgra opens into the vestibule 2.5 cm ___ the clitoris.

69
Q

What correspond to the prostate in the male

A

paraurethral glands

70
Q

The term vulva is the collective name for

A

mons pubis, labia majora and minora, the clitoris, the vestibule of the vagina, the vestibular bulb, and the greater vestibular glands, external urethral orifice, paraurethral (Skene’s) glands

71
Q

Blood supply of vulva

A

external and internal pudendal arteries

72
Q

Vulva lymph drainage

A

Medial group of superficial inguinal nodes.

73
Q

Vulva nerve supply anteriorly

A

ilioinguinal nerves and the genital branch of the genitofemoral nerves.

74
Q

Vulva nerve supply posterior

A

branches of the perineal nerves and the posterior cutaneous nerves of the thigh

75
Q

______ two levatores ani muscles blend with the _____ part of the ____ sphincter

A

puborectal fibers, deep , external

anatomy (3 decks)

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