Perineum Flashcards by l een

diamond-shaped area medial to the thighs and buttocks

The Perineum

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Perineum borders

anteriorly by the pubic symphysis, laterally by the ischial tuberosities, and posteriorly by the coccyx

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Anal canal passage

Downward & backward from rectal ampulla to anus

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Anal canal relations

Posteriorly: anococcygeal body
Laterally: ischiorectal fossae

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Anal canal anteriorly in male

the perineal body, the urogenital diaphragm, the membranous part of the urethra, and the bulb of the penis

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Anal canal anteriorly in female

the perineal body, the urogenital diaphragm, and the lower part of the vagina

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Upper half of anal canal mucous membrane

Hindgut entoderm

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Upper half of anal canal lining

Columnar epithelium

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Upper half of anal canal nerve supply

Hypogastric plexuses

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Upper half of anal canal artery & vein

Superior rectal

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superior rectal vein is a branch of

inferior mesenteric vein, and the portal vein

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Upper half of anal canal lymphatic drainage

The pararecial modes

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Lower half of anal canal mucous membrane

Ectoderm

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Lower half of anal canal lining

Stratified squamous

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How many anal columns in Lower half of anal canal

None

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Nerve supply for Lower half of anal canal

Somatic inferior rectal nerve

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Which part of anal canal sensitive to pain, temperature, touch & pressure

Lower half of anal canal

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artial & vernal of Lower half of anal canal

Inferior rectal

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Inferior rectal vein is a branch of

Internal pudendal vein

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Lymph drainage of Lower half of anal canal

Medial group of superficial inguinal modes

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Where does upper annal canal join the lower part

Pectinate line

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Anal sphincters layers

Outer voluntary longitudinal
Inner involuntary circular

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External sphincter parts

subcutaneous part: encircles the lower end of the anal canal and has no bony attachments
superficial part: attached to the coccyx behind and the perineal body in front
deep part: encircles the upper end of the anal canal and has no bony attachments

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Anorectal ring

junction of the rectum and anal canal, the internal sphincter, the deep part of the external sphincter, longitudinal muscle,and the puborectalis muscles

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can be felt on rectal examination

Anorectal ring

two levatores ani muscles blend with the deep part of the external sphincter

puborectalis fibers

isawedge- shaped space located on each side of the anal canal

The ischiorectal fossa

Medial wall of isChiorectal fossa

Sloping elevator ani & anal canal

Lateral wall of anal canal

lower part of the obturator internus muscle, covered with pelvic fascia

Ischiorectal fossa contain

Dense fat & the pudendal canal

Alcock canal contain

Pudendal nerve & internal pudendal vessels

Pudendal nerve is a branch of

Sacral plexus

Branches of pudendal nerve

Inferior rectal, dorsal nerve & perineal nerve

Inferior recital nerve supply

external anal sphincter, the mucous membrane of the lower half of the anal canal, and the perianal skin

Inferior rectal nerve runs _____ across the ischiorectal fossa

Medial

Dorsal nerve supply

Penis or clitoris

Perineal nerve supply

muscles in the urogenital triangle and the skin on the posterior surface of the scrotum (or labia majora)

Internal pudendal artery branches

Inferior rectal & branches to the penis/labia/ clitoris

Urgenital triangle border

front by the pubic arch and laterally by the ischial tuberosities

Superficial fascia of urogenital triangle layers

Fatty & membranous

Fatty layer of urogenital triangle superficial fascia is continuous with

Fat of the ischiorectal fossa & the superficial fascia of the thighs

Fascia of camper in the scrotum

the fat is replaced by smooth muscle, the dartos muscle.

Colles fascia borders

posteriorly to the posterior border of the urogenital diaphragm • attached laterally to the margins of the pubic arch • anteriorly it is continuous with the membranous layer of superficial fascia of the anterior abdominal wall (Scarpa’s fascia).

Membranous layer of urogenital triangle in the scrotum

Distinct

Superficial Perineal Pouch boundries

Inferiorly the membranous layer of superficial fascia • superiorly inferior fascia of urogenital diaphragm • closed behind by the fusion of its upper and lower walls. • closed laterally by the attachment of its upper and lower walls to the margins of the pubic arch • Anteriorly, the space communicates freely with the potential space lying between the superficial fascia of the anterior abdominal wall and the anterior abdominal muscles

triangular musculofascial diaphragm situated in the anterior part of the perineum, filling in the gap of the pubic arch

urogenital diaphragm

Urgenital diaphragm is formed by

sphincter urethrae and the deep transverse perineal muscles

Posteriorly, the two layers of fascia of urogenital diaphragm fuse with

1. Each other 2. the membranous layer of the superficial fascia 3. perineal body

The closed space that is contained between the superior and an inferior layer of fascia of the urogenital diaphragm.

Deep perineal pouch

Root of the clitoris

three masses of erectile tissue the bulb of the vestibule and the right and left crura.

The bulb of vestibule divided into _______ because of the presence of the _____

two halves, vagina

The bulb of the vestibule is covered by

bulbospongiosus muscles

What does the Curia of clitoris becomes anteriorly

Corpora cavernous

Crura of clitoris is covered by

Ischiscavernosus muscle

two corpora cavernosa covered by their ischiocavernosus muscles form

Body of clitoris

a small mass of erectile tissue that caps the body of the clitoris

Glans of the clitoris

Glans of clitorisare partly hidden by what

Prepuce

Contents of the Superficial Perineal Pouch in the Female

Root of the clitoris • Bulbospongiosus muscles(2) • Ischiocavernosus muscles(2) • Superficial transverse perineal muscles(2) • Perineal body • Perineal branch of pudendal nerve: terminates in the superficial perineal pouch by supplying the muscles and skin • Greater vestibular glands

Where is the bulbospongious muscle attached

Corpora cavernous forward

How does bulbospongious muscle assist in the mechanism of erection of clitoris

reduces the size of the vaginal orifice and compresses the deep dorsal vein

posterior part of the superficial perineal pouch

Superficial transverse perineal muscles

Superficial transverse perineal muscles function

fix the perineal body in the center of the perineum

Perineal body of the _____ is larger

Female

wedge-shaped mass of fibrous tissue situated between the lower end of the vagina and the anal canal

Perineal body

point of attachment of many perineal muscles including the levatores ani muscles

Perinal body

Greater Vestibular Glands function

secrete a lubricating mucus during sexual intercourse

The deep perineal pouch contains

part of the urethra- part of the vagina- the sphincter urethrae- the deep transverse perineal muscles- the internal pudendal vessels and their branches- the dorsal nerves of the clitoris.

female uretgra opens into the vestibule 2.5 cm ___ the clitoris.

Below

What correspond to the prostate in the male

paraurethral glands

The term vulva is the collective name for

mons pubis, labia majora and minora, the clitoris, the vestibule of the vagina, the vestibular bulb, and the greater vestibular glands, external urethral orifice, paraurethral (Skene’s) glands

Blood supply of vulva

external and internal pudendal arteries

Vulva lymph drainage

Medial group of superficial inguinal nodes.

Vulva nerve supply anteriorly

ilioinguinal nerves and the genital branch of the genitofemoral nerves.

Vulva nerve supply posterior

branches of the perineal nerves and the posterior cutaneous nerves of the thigh

______ two levatores ani muscles blend with the _____ part of the ____ sphincter

puborectal fibers, deep , external