Histology of the female reproductive system Flashcards
Outer covering of ovaries
Simple cuboidal
Surface epithelium
Outer covering of the ovaries
Inner covering of the ovaries
Dense connective
Where are most ovarian follicles found
Cortex
When is the Oogonia formed
1st month of embryonic life
How many Oogonias do we have by the end of 2nd month
6000000
After the 2nd month the number of oogonia is determined by three ongoing activities
Continued mitosis
The onset of meiosis.
An apoptotic process
Oogonia peak number
7 million
When does oogonia peak in number
Fifth month
Primary Oocytes stuck at what phase till puberty
Prophase of first meiotic division
Ovarian reserve
Number of oocytes at birth
Number of oocytes at birth
2-2.5 million
Number of oocytes at puberty
400000-450000
Organelle in primary Ooctyt
Mitochondria, Golgi complex & extensive RER
blood-follicle barrier.
Primary follicle basal Latina
How does FSH select the follicle
FSH receptors, aromarase activity & estrogen synthesis
Unilaminar primary follicle lining
Simple cuboidal
When does the multilaminar primary follicle happen
When follicular cells become granolas
Zone pellucid
Between granulosa & oocyte, contain glycoproteins, zp3 & zp4
the blood ovary barrier.
Basement membrane between stromal & granolas
What does these interna secret
Androstenedione
Aromarase function
Convert androstenedione to estradiol
When is granolas secret follicular fluid
Menstertion
When does secondary follicular develope
The the antrum enlarges & unite
corona radiate
The granolas that envelopes the oocyte when the antrum developed
cumulus oophorus
The granolas that protrudes into the antrum when it develops
The antrum contain
GAG hyaluronic acid, growth factors, plasminogen, fibrinogen, the anticoagulant heparan sulfate proteoglycan & steroids with binding proteins
When does the mature tertiary develop
When the antrum expands to 2 cm
The granules layer become ______ at the last follicular stage
Thinner
Atresia involves
detachment of the apoptotic granulosa cells, autolysis of the oocyte, and collapse of the zona pellucida, then macrophages invade the degenerating follicle and phagocytose the apoptotic material and other debris.
when does ovulation occure during the menstrual cycle
midway, day 14
stigma
the ischemic area in the tunica albuginea cause of the oocyte comparssion
when does the oocyte completes the first meiotic division
Just before ovulation
primary oocyte chromosomes
46
secondary oocyte chromosomes
23
after expulsion of the first polar body where does the secondary oocyte arrest
metaphase of secondary division
corpus luteum
collapse of theca interna and granulosa
events are induced by LH and happens before ovulation:
Meiosis I is completed
Granulosa cells produce follicular fluid
The ovarian wall at the stigma weaken
Smooth muscle contractions begin in the theca externa, leading to the rupture of the ovarian surface at the stigma, preparing for ovulation.
how long does the corpose letum keep secreting progesteron without fertilization before it regressing
10-12 days
what have negative feedback with inhibin in this stage
estrogen secreted by corpus letum, inhibits FSH
what maintains and promotes the corpus luteum if fertilization occure
HCG
what occure if the corpus luteum degenerat after fertilization and complete menstruation
embryo death
about 80% of the corpus luteum
Granulosa cells
LH effect on Granulosa cells
increase in size and become granulosa lutein cells, lose many features of protein- secreting cells to expand their role in conversing androstenedione into estradiol
20% of the corpus luteum.
theca interna
where are theca lutein cells found
aggregated in the folds of the wall of the corpus luteum
LH effect on theca lutein cells
produce large amounts of progesterone as well as androstenedione.
remnants from the regressing corpus luteum
corpus albicans.
The wall of the oviduct consists of:
- A folded mucosa.
- A thick, well-defined muscularis with interwoven circular (or spiral) and longitudinal layers of smooth muscle.
- A thin serosa covered by visceral peritoneum with mesothelium.
Uterine tube mucosa lining
Simple columnar epithelium
which cells secrete glycoproteins of a nutritive mucus film that covers the epithelium
Preg of uterine tube mucosa
Longitudinal folds of the mucosa are most prominent in the ______ and get smaller close to ______ & abscent in ______
Ampulla, uterus, intramural
fringed infundibulum lies very close to the ovary and the fimbriae partially surround that organ
Favors the transport of the ovulated secondary oocyte into the tube, and thus promoted by sweeping muscular contractions of the fimbriae and ciliary activity,
Uterus mucosa is similar to ____
Uterine tube mucosa
Uterus mucosa consist of
Basal layer & superficial functional layer
Type of collagen in the stroma of endometrium
3
The thickest tunic of the uterus
Myometrium
Fibers in the mysmetrium separated by
Connective tissue containing venous plexuses & lymphatics
Hypertrophy of uterine tube mucosa happen during
Menstrual cycle
Hypertrophy & hyperplasia in uterus mysmetrium happens during what
Pregnancy
What happens during pregnancy to myometrium
Hyperplasia, hypertrophy & increased collagen which strengthen uterine wall
Mysmetrium during parturition
Contracts
Which layer of mucosa remains intact during menstrual cycle
Basal layer
Which arteries supply basal endometrium layer
Straight
From where do arcuate arteries Arise
Middle layers of mysmetrium
arcuate arteries branches
Straight & spiral
The average duration of the menstrual cycle
28 days
When does menstrual phase start
When corpus lute regress
Events in menstrual phase
spasms in small spiral arteries, prostaglandin synthesis, arterial constriction, hypoxia, cytokine release, increased vascular permeability, and leukocyte immigration
Proliferative phase another name
Estrogen phase
The marked event for the proliferative phase
Rapid growth of ovarian follicles
Which uterine cycle phases parallel to which follicular growin phases
Menstrual & Proliferative phases of uterine cycle happen at the same time as the follicular pre ovulation phase of the ovarian cycle.
When does the regenration of lost functional layer occurs
Proliferative phase
Mitotic activities occurs among what in proliferative phase
Epithelial cells, fibroblasts & spiral arteries lengthen
When does the secretary phase state
After ovulation
How is the secretary phase stimulated
Progesterone secreted by corpus luteum
What does progesterone stimulate in secretary phase
Epithelial cells secretion of glycogen, glandular lumen dilation & coiling of glands
Endometrium maximum thickness
5mm, during secretary phase
What uterine cycle phase happen parallel to which ovarian cycle phase
The secretary with the lute post ovulation
Cervix mucosa divided to
Endocervix & exocervical
Endoservix lining
Simple columnar
Exocervix lining
Non keratinized Stratified squamous
How many spiral arteries in cervix mucosa
Zero
Cervical mucosa at ovulation
Secretion is abundant & watery to facilitate sperm moving
Cervical mucosa at luteal phase
Viscous for the passage of sperm
Cervical mucosa at pregnancy
Highly viscous to form a plug in cervical canal
Cervical mucosa before parturition
Cervical effacement, collage removal to soften the cervix, dilate the cervical canal
Vagina contain
Mucosa, muscular layer & an adventitia (lack glands)
Vagina mucosa lining
Stratified squamous
Estrogen stimulate vagina mucosa to
Synthesize & accumulate glycogen
Lubricating mucus is provided to the vagina by
Cervical glands & vaginal vestibule
Vagina muscles
Two layers, outer longitudinal & inner circular
External female genitalia lining
Stratified squamous
External female genitalia
Vestibule, labia minora, labia majora, clitoris, vaginal opening & bartholin glands
Breast after puberty
Ducts longer
How many lobes in female breast
15 - 20
Breast lining
Inner stratified cuboidal & simple cuboidal at terminal ends
