Histology of the female reproductive system Flashcards
(97 cards)
1
Q
Outer covering of ovaries
A
Simple cuboidal
2
Q
Surface epithelium
A
Outer covering of the ovaries
3
Q
Inner covering of the ovaries
A
Dense connective
4
Q
Where are most ovarian follicles found
A
Cortex
5
Q
When is the Oogonia formed
A
1st month of embryonic life
6
Q
How many Oogonias do we have by the end of 2nd month
A
6000000
7
Q
After the 2nd month the number of oogonia is determined by three ongoing activities
A
Continued mitosis
The onset of meiosis.
An apoptotic process
8
Q
Oogonia peak number
A
7 million
9
Q
When does oogonia peak in number
A
Fifth month
10
Q
Primary Oocytes stuck at what phase till puberty
A
Prophase of first meiotic division
11
Q
Ovarian reserve
A
Number of oocytes at birth
12
Q
Number of oocytes at birth
A
2-2.5 million
13
Q
Number of oocytes at puberty
A
400000-450000
14
Q
Organelle in primary Ooctyt
A
Mitochondria, Golgi complex & extensive RER
15
Q
blood-follicle barrier.
A
Primary follicle basal Latina
16
Q
How does FSH select the follicle
A
FSH receptors, aromarase activity & estrogen synthesis
17
Q
Unilaminar primary follicle lining
A
Simple cuboidal
18
Q
When does the multilaminar primary follicle happen
A
When follicular cells become granolas
19
Q
Zone pellucid
A
Between granulosa & oocyte, contain glycoproteins, zp3 & zp4
20
Q
the blood ovary barrier.
A
Basement membrane between stromal & granolas
21
Q
What does these interna secret
A
Androstenedione
22
Q
Aromarase function
A
Convert androstenedione to estradiol
23
Q
When is granolas secret follicular fluid
A
Menstertion
24
Q
When does secondary follicular develope
A
The the antrum enlarges & unite
25
corona radiate
The granolas that envelopes the oocyte when the antrum developed
26
cumulus oophorus
The granolas that protrudes into the antrum when it develops
27
The antrum contain
GAG hyaluronic acid, growth factors, plasminogen, fibrinogen, the anticoagulant heparan sulfate proteoglycan & steroids with binding proteins
28
When does the mature tertiary develop
When the antrum expands to 2 cm
29
The granules layer become ______ at the last follicular stage
Thinner
30
Atresia involves
detachment of the apoptotic granulosa cells, autolysis of the oocyte, and collapse of the zona pellucida, then macrophages invade the degenerating follicle and phagocytose the apoptotic material and other debris.
31
when does ovulation occure during the menstrual cycle
midway, day 14
32
stigma
the ischemic area in the tunica albuginea cause of the oocyte comparssion
33
when does the oocyte completes the first meiotic division
Just before ovulation
34
primary oocyte chromosomes
46
35
secondary oocyte chromosomes
23
36
after expulsion of the first polar body where does the secondary oocyte arrest
metaphase of secondary division
37
corpus luteum
collapse of theca interna and granulosa
38
events are induced by LH and happens before ovulation:
Meiosis I is completed
Granulosa cells produce follicular fluid
The ovarian wall at the stigma weaken
Smooth muscle contractions begin in the theca externa, leading to the rupture of the ovarian surface at the stigma, preparing for ovulation.
39
how long does the corpose letum keep secreting progesteron without fertilization before it regressing
10-12 days
40
what have negative feedback with inhibin in this stage
estrogen secreted by corpus letum, inhibits FSH
41
what maintains and promotes the corpus luteum if fertilization occure
HCG
42
what occure if the corpus luteum degenerat after fertilization and complete menstruation
embryo death
43
about 80% of the corpus luteum
Granulosa cells
44
LH effect on Granulosa cells
increase in size and become granulosa lutein cells, lose many features of protein- secreting cells to expand their role in conversing androstenedione into estradiol
45
20% of the corpus luteum.
theca interna
46
where are theca lutein cells found
aggregated in the folds of the wall of the corpus luteum
47
LH effect on theca lutein cells
produce large amounts of progesterone as well as androstenedione.
48
remnants from the regressing corpus luteum
corpus albicans.
49
The wall of the oviduct consists of:
1. A folded mucosa.
2. A thick, well-defined muscularis with interwoven circular (or spiral) and longitudinal layers of smooth muscle.
3. A thin serosa covered by visceral peritoneum with mesothelium.
50
Uterine tube mucosa lining
Simple columnar epithelium
51
which cells secrete glycoproteins of a nutritive mucus film that covers the epithelium
Preg of uterine tube mucosa
52
Longitudinal folds of the mucosa are most prominent in the ______ and get smaller close to ______ & abscent in ______
Ampulla, uterus, intramural
53
fringed infundibulum lies very close to the ovary and the fimbriae partially surround that organ
Favors the transport of the ovulated secondary oocyte into the tube, and thus promoted by sweeping muscular contractions of the fimbriae and ciliary activity,
54
Uterus mucosa is similar to ____
Uterine tube mucosa
55
Uterus mucosa consist of
Basal layer & superficial functional layer
56
Type of collagen in the stroma of endometrium
3
57
The thickest tunic of the uterus
Myometrium
58
Fibers in the mysmetrium separated by
Connective tissue containing venous plexuses & lymphatics
59
Hypertrophy of uterine tube mucosa happen during
Menstrual cycle
60
Hypertrophy & hyperplasia in uterus mysmetrium happens during what
Pregnancy
61
What happens during pregnancy to myometrium
Hyperplasia, hypertrophy & increased collagen which strengthen uterine wall
62
Mysmetrium during parturition
Contracts
63
Which layer of mucosa remains intact during menstrual cycle
Basal layer
64
Which arteries supply basal endometrium layer
Straight
65
From where do arcuate arteries Arise
Middle layers of mysmetrium
66
arcuate arteries branches
Straight & spiral
67
The average duration of the menstrual cycle
28 days
68
When does menstrual phase start
When corpus lute regress
69
Events in menstrual phase
spasms in small spiral arteries, prostaglandin synthesis, arterial constriction, hypoxia, cytokine release, increased vascular permeability, and leukocyte immigration
70
Proliferative phase another name
Estrogen phase
71
The marked event for the proliferative phase
Rapid growth of ovarian follicles
72
Which uterine cycle phases parallel to which follicular growin phases
Menstrual & Proliferative phases of uterine cycle happen at the same time as the follicular pre ovulation phase of the ovarian cycle.
73
When does the regenration of lost functional layer occurs
Proliferative phase
74
Mitotic activities occurs among what in proliferative phase
Epithelial cells, fibroblasts & spiral arteries lengthen
75
When does the secretary phase state
After ovulation
76
How is the secretary phase stimulated
Progesterone secreted by corpus luteum
77
What does progesterone stimulate in secretary phase
Epithelial cells secretion of glycogen, glandular lumen dilation & coiling of glands
78
Endometrium maximum thickness
5mm, during secretary phase
79
What uterine cycle phase happen parallel to which ovarian cycle phase
The secretary with the lute post ovulation
80
Cervix mucosa divided to
Endocervix & exocervical
81
Endoservix lining
Simple columnar
82
Exocervix lining
Non keratinized Stratified squamous
83
How many spiral arteries in cervix mucosa
Zero
84
Cervical mucosa at ovulation
Secretion is abundant & watery to facilitate sperm moving
85
Cervical mucosa at luteal phase
Viscous for the passage of sperm
86
Cervical mucosa at pregnancy
Highly viscous to form a plug in cervical canal
87
Cervical mucosa before parturition
Cervical effacement, collage removal to soften the cervix, dilate the cervical canal
88
Vagina contain
Mucosa, muscular layer & an adventitia (lack glands)
89
Vagina mucosa lining
Stratified squamous
90
Estrogen stimulate vagina mucosa to
Synthesize & accumulate glycogen
91
Lubricating mucus is provided to the vagina by
Cervical glands & vaginal vestibule
92
Vagina muscles
Two layers, outer longitudinal & inner circular
93
External female genitalia lining
Stratified squamous
94
External female genitalia
Vestibule, labia minora, labia majora, clitoris, vaginal opening & bartholin glands
95
Breast after puberty
Ducts longer
96
How many lobes in female breast
15 - 20
97
Breast lining
Inner stratified cuboidal & simple cuboidal at terminal ends
