Pericarditis / Cardiac Tamponade Flashcards
Inflammation of pericardium by:
viral infection
thoracic trauma
myocardial infarction
tuberculosis
malignancy
autoimmune conditions
Pericarditis
What is Pericardial effusion?
Where fluid accumulates in space between pericardial sac and heart; swollen tissue creates friction (serous, purulent (bacteria), serous sanguneous)
Inflammation of the pericardium?
Pericarditis
What does the pericardium do for the heart?
Is the sac that surrounds, protects, and supports the heart.
What triggers pericarditis (most common)?
- viral infections (usually after a respiratory infection) but may also result from other infections.
- thoracic trauma (e.g., surgery, radiation, accidents)
- myocardial infarction
- malignancy
- tuberculosis
- uremia
What autoimmune conditions trigger pericarditis?
- systemic lupus erythematosus
- rheumatoid arthritis
- scleroderma
In this inflammatory process (pericarditis) where does fluid shift?
From the capillaries to the space between the pericardial sac and the heart.
What types of fluid result from pericarditis?
- serous
- purulent
- serosanguineous
- hemorrhagic
Serous fluid results from?
heart failure
Purulent fluid results from?
infections
Serosanguineous fluid results from?
- neoplasms - uremia
Hemorrhagic fluid results from?
- aneurysms - trauma
The fluid that can accumulate quickly or slowly in the pericardial cavity?
pericardial effusion
The fluid that accumulates in the pericardial cavity can progress to life-threatening (what)?
cardiac tamponade
Fluid that accumulates in the pericardial cavity to the point that compresses the heart (is called)?
cardiac tamponade
The compression of the heart that occurs during cardiac tamponade prevents?
the heart from stretching and filling during diastole.
The prevention of the heart from stretching and filling during diastole results in (during cardiac tamponade)?
Decreased Cardiac Output
During cardiac tamponade what happens because of the decreased cardiac output?
Arterial pressures then fall
During cardiac tamponade, what happens because of the accumulation of blood within the systemic circulation?
venous pressure rises
During cardiac tamponade, the pulse pressure narrows?
because of the arterial and venous changes.
During cardiac tamponade what causes the heart sounds to be muffled upon auscultation?
excess fluid drowns out the sound.
In what phase of cardiac tamponade present much like cardiogenic shock?
Acute cardiac tamponade
Cardiogenic shock presents with what symptoms?
Hypotension Jugular vein distention (JVD) Muffled heart sounds
Acute cardiac tamponade presents much like cardiogenic shock (what symptoms)?
Hypotension Jugular vein distention (JVD) Muffled heart sounds (symptoms referred to as Beck triad)
What are the symptoms referred to as Beck triad?
Hypotension Jugular vein distention (JVD) Muffled heart sounds
What can result from cardiac tamponade?
- Heart failure - cardiogenic shock - death
Manifestations of Cardiac Tamponade are?
- Falling Arterial Pressures
- Rising Venous Pressures
- Narrowing Pulse Pressures
- Muffled Heart Sounds
