Myocarditis Flashcards
What is Myocarditis?
is an inflammation of the myocardium, or heart muscle
Why is myocarditis uncommon and poorly understood inflammation of the myocardium?
because at least several weeks (in some cases, a decade) elapse between exposure to the causative agent and the development of symptoms.
What usually causes Myocarditis?
INFECTIONS
- viral
- bacterial
- protozoal
- fungal
What bacteria usually causes Myocarditis?
- Corynebacterium diphtheriae
- Staphylococcus aureus
- Lyme disease
- Chlamydia
- Mycoplasma
- Streptococcus
What viral infections usually cause Myocarditis?
- influenza
- coxsackie
- cytomegalovirus
- adenovirus
- hepatitis C
- herpes
- HIV
- parvovirus
In myocarditis what can damage the heart muscle?
- Organisms
- blood cells
- toxins
- immune substances
Other causes of Myocarditis may include?
- allergic reactions
- chemical exposure
- radiation
- inflammatory disorders (rheumatoid arthritis or sarcoidosis).
What are the inflammatory disorders that may cause Myocarditis?
- Rheumatoid arthritis
- Sarcoidosis
The result in muscle fiber dysfunction and degeneration that can impair contractility and conduction are?
(what penetrates into the myocardium)
Penetration of organisms, blood cells, toxins, and immune substances.
What are some complications of Myocarditis?
- heart failure
- cardiomyopathy
- dysrhythmias
- thrombus development
This cardiac condition occurs/affects mostly what population?
Most often effects young atheletic with age group puberty- 30 yo, males > females
The clinical manifestations of myocarditis include?
Myocarditis can also be asymptomatic
IF PRESENT
- flulike symptoms (fever, chills, myalgia)
- Pericarditis symptoms (chest pain, friction rub)
- Heart failure symptoms (dyspnea, edema, activity intolerance, or pale, cool skin)
- dyspnea
- dysrhythmia
- palpitations
- tachycardia
- heart murmurs
- chest discomfort
- cardiomegaly
- pale and cool extremities
- syncope
- decreased urine output
- joint pain/swelling
What are the classification systems to aid in the diagnosis of acute myocarditis?
- Possible subclinical acute myocarditis
- Probable acute myocarditis
- Definite myocarditis
What is a diagnosis based on in”Possible subclinical acute myocarditis”?
- without specific symptoms that can be inferred based on transient increases in troponin or EKG changes after a viral illness, adverse drug reaction, or vaccination (rarely).
What is a diagnosis based on in “Probable acute myocarditis?
the presence of one of four clinical syndromes associated with myocarditis:
- chest pain
- acute heart failure
- presyncope or syncope
- myopericarditis (myocarditis with pericarditis).